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2012年新著——药物代谢动力学（英文版）
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"Pharmacokinetics" by Philip Rowe PR Ventus Publ. ApS, BoBoCoAe | 2012 | ISBN: 8740300901 9788740300901 | 147 pages | PDF | 6 MB All the basic concepts of pharmacokinetics (PKs) are described, with an emphasis on understanding what parameters such as bioavailability, volume of distribution and clearance tell us about the behaviour of a particular drug. The use of PKs in both a drug development and a clinical setting are covered. The essential mathematical basis of PKs is explained, but excessive mathematical complexity is avoided. For all key equations, practical examples of their use are provided. Contents Introduction 1.ADME and Pharmacokinetics 1.1. ADME – Absorption Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion 2.2. Pharmacokinetics 2. Absorption: Absorption rate constant, Bioavailability and Salt factor 2.1. Passive diffusion and other mechanisms by which drugs may cross biological membranes 2.2. Rate of drug absorption and the Absorption rate constant (Ka) 2.3 Bioavailability 2.4 Salt factor 3 Distribution: Compartments and Volume of Distribution 3.1 The rate of distribution and compartments 3.2 One compartment model 3.3 Two compartment model 3.4 The extent of distribution 3.5 Volume of distribution 3.6 Using the volume of distribution to calculate dose size 3.7 Practice calculations 4 Elimination: Elimination rate constant, half-life and clearance 4.1 Elimination rate constant and half-life 4.2 Clearance 4.3 Practice calculations 5 Single intravenous bolus injectionin to one compartment 5.1 Concentration versus time graph 5.2 Relationship between time and concentration 5.3 Area Under the Curve (AUC) 5.4 Practice calculations 5.5 Appendix 1: Derivation of the equations t½ = 0.693 / K and K = 0.693 / t½ 5.6 Appendix 2: Derivation of the equation: AUC = F.D / Cl 6 Analysis of experimental data from a bolus i.v. injection into one compartment 6.1 Analysis of clinical trials data 6.2 Analysis of data arising in a clinical setting 6.3 Practice calculations 6.4 Appendix 1 6.5 Appendix 2: Derivation of the equation K = Ln(C1/C2) / (T2-T1) 7 Single intravenous bolus injectionin to two compartments 7.1 The model to be considered 7.2 Drug concentrations in blood and the rest of the first compartment 7.3 Determining how many compartments a drug occupies 7.4 Drug concentration in the second compartment 7.5 Two compartment systems and therapeutic drug monitoring for digoxin 8 Constant intravenous infusion 8.1 The model to be considered 8.2 Concentration versus time curve during infusion 8.3 Relationship between rate of infusion and concentration at steady state 8.4 Loading doses 8.5 The accumulation period 8.6 Practice questions 8.7 Appendix: Derivation of the equation Css = Rinf / Cl 9 Extravascular administration 9.1 The situation to be considered 9.2 Concentration versus time curve 9.3 Changing the rate of absorption 9.4 Cmax and Tmax 9.5 Determination of bioavailability for extravascular doses 9.6 Trapezoidal rule – A practical method to measure AUC 9.7 Practice question 10 Multiple dosing 10.1 Pharmacokinetic accumulation and steady state 10.2 Multiple extravascular doses 10.3 Concentrations at steady state 10.4 Loading dose 10.5 Accumulation stage 10.6 Extent of fluctuation in drug concentrations 10.7 Practice questions 11 Non-linear pharmacokinetics 11.1 Considering drug metabolism as an enzyme catalysed reaction 11.2 Exceptions to linearity 11.3 Effect of non-linearity on the relationship between dose and drug concentration 11.4 Clinical significance of non-linear kinetics 11.5 Non-linear kinetics and drug development 12 Non-compartmental pharmacokinetics 12.1 The case for non-compartmental methods 12.2 Calculation methods 12.3 More complex situations 13 Computerized analysis of pharmacokinetic data 13.1 Least squares fitting 13.2 Practice question 14 Creatinine clearance 14.1 Clearance of creatinine and various drugs 14.2 Digoxin dosing 14.3 Practice questions Pharmacokinetic symbols and equations Additional material available from the internet Answers to practice questions  PR Ventus Publ. ApS, BoBoCoAe | 2012 | ISBN: 8740300901 9788740300901 | 147 pages | PDF | 6 MB |
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