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[资源] Chemical Reviews最新综述：Carbocatalysis by Graphene-Based Materials

Carbocatalysis by Graphene-Based Materials 共34页引文273篇请小伙伴们下载后给个好评！
Sergio Navalon,†Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy, ‡Mercedes Alvaro,† and Hermenegildo Garcia* ,†,§
† Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV and Departamento de Química, Universidad Polite ́ cnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
‡Centre for Green Chemistry Processes, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
§ Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Many homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are based on transition metals, both noble and base metals. For the sake of sustainability, it would be convenient to develop alternative catalysts based on renewable resources. Carbon materials derived from biomass are considered paradigmatic examples of sustainability. Other factors besides sustainability that may also favor carbon-based versus inorganic materials as catalysts are economic considerations, since the price of some precious metals is considerably higher than the feedstock carbon materials. For these reasons, there is much interest in developing metal-free catalysts; “ carbocatalysis ” is one of the most important examples of this tendency to reduce the dependency on metals. Carbocatalysts can be de ﬁ ned as those catalysts whose elemental composition contains predominantly carbon that is performing as active component. In this sense, carbocatalysts are di ﬀ erent from organocatalysts, which are constituted by organic molecules rather than carbonaceous materials. Carbons with large surface area such as active carbons and carbon black powders have since ever been considered as supports to deposit transition metals that were the relevant catalytic centers. In this type of materials the role of carbon is to disperse the metal on a very large surface area and maybe in the best case also adsorb reactants near the metal particles. In the case of carbocatalysts the key point is to incorporate the active sites into the carbon by suitable modi ﬁ cations, making metals unnecessary.

CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Scope of the Review A
1.1. Interest of Carbocatalysis A
2. De ﬁ nition of Graphene-Based Materials and General Remarks B
3. Preparation Methods of Graphene-Based Materials with Relevance as Carbocatalysts C
4. Physical Properties of Graphene-Based Materials with Relevance in Catalysis F
5. Characterization Techniques for Graphene-Based Materials as Catalysts H
6. Chemical Methods of Functionalization J
7. Overview of the Catalytic Reactions Performed Using Graphene-Based Catalysts K
8. Graphene as Carbocatalyst K
8.1. Oxidation Reactions M
8.1.1. Oxidation Reactions Promoted by Molecular Oxygen M
8.1.2. Oxidation Reactions Promoted by Non-oxygen Oxidants P
8.2. Reduction Reactions S
8.3. Acid or Base Reactions U
8.3.1. Acid Reactions U
8.3.2. Base Reactions W
8.4. Thermal Decomposition Reactions X
9. Graphene Oxide as Carbocatalyst X
9.1. Oxidation Reactions X
9.1.1. Oxidation Reactions Promoted by Molecular Oxygen X
9.1.2. Oxidation Reactions Promoted by Non-oxygen Oxidants AA
9.2. Acid or Base Reactions AA
9.3. Thermal Decomposition Reactions AC
10. Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects AC
Author Information AD
Corresponding Author AD
Notes AD
Biographies AD
Acknowledgments AE
References AE

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