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Marine microorganisms and phytoplankton

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As a rich source of novel and bioactive marine microorganisms continue to be a major focus of many natural products research efforts, with a 10% increase in the number of compounds reported from the previous year following a 30% increase from 2010 to 2011. Unless otherwise stated, compounds described in this section were obtained from cultures of the named microorganisms.

??????N?????¡¤f?????????????????????, ???m??÷N??????a???§à?????????c????2010??2011??????30%????,??????????????????????????10%???????????f????????????????????????????????????B???@?¨¢?

Marine-sourced bacteria (excluding from mangroves)

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Actinoalloteichus sp. (sediment, Usa Bay, Kochi Prefecture, Japan) was the source of neomaclafungins 1-9, 26 membered macrolides of the oligomycin subfamily, which all displayed significant activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes). Glycolipopeptides eodoglucomide A 10 and B 11 were obtained from Bacillus licheniformis (sediment, Ieodo Reef, S. Korea) and are broad spectrum, moderately active antimicrobial agents, with ieodoglucomide B also cytotoxic to lung and stomach cancer cells.

Actinoalloteichus ??N?????,Kochi??, Usa ????, ???e??????????26???h?????????¨´??,neomaclafungins1?C9,?????@????Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes)???@??????????????????? (?n??, Ieodo?????,???e??) ???@???Glycolipopeptides eodoglucomide A 10 and B 11???§Ø??????V?V??????,?c ieodoglucomide B ??????¦È???????????

The known synthetic toluhydroquinone derivatives, 5 bromotoluhydroquinone and 4-O-methyltoluhydroquinone were obtained for the frst time from a natural source from Dothideomycete sp. (red alga Chondria crassicualis, YokijiIs., S.Korea). Both compounds were moderate 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavengers. Of the erythrolic acids A?CE 18?C22, meroterpenoids with a modified terpene sidechain isolated from Erythrobacter sp. (sediment, Trinity Bay, Galveston, Texas), only erythrolic acid D exhibited modest activity towards non-small cell lung cancer cells.

??????a???Dothideomycete??N, ??????????????????????????????????@??4-O-methyltoluhydroquinone??4-O-methyltoluhydroquinone.
(?n??, yokijiis,  ?t?Íù???wcrassicualis)????????????DPPH????????§Ø????????????Erythrobacter ??N?????????????–^????????x??erythrolic acids A?CE, 18?C22??(????_?, ????S??D, ?????, ???e??), ???erythrolic acid D ????§³?????????????@????§Ø?????

Bacillus mojavensis (pearl oyster Pinctada martensii,Weizhou Is., South China Sea) provided the antifungal iturinic lipopeptide mojavensin A 12, while the amicoumacin analogues lipoamicoumacin A?CD 13?C16 and a bacilosarcin analogue, bacisarcin C 17, were isolated from Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)(sediment, Red Sea) together with several known amicoumacins. Bacilosarcin B and amicoumacin A were cytotoxic to HeLa cells and are strongly antibacterial.

?????mojavensis?????¦Ö???, ?????u, ?????????????????????iturinic lipopeptide mojavensin A 12????r????????(B. subtilis)(?t??????e??)?????x??Amicoumacin??????lipoamicoumacin A?CD, 13?C16; bacilosarcin??????bacisarcin C 17, ?c??N?????amicoumacins??Bacilosarcin B and amicoumacin A???????????????c??HeLa ?????????
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