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帮同学弄的，先谢过了！ Probiotics and prebiotics are interesting alternatives to AGP for animal feeding. They are believed to control pathogenic bacteria colonization and to enhance the mucosal immune system, resulting in a decreased pathogenic load and improving animal welfare [7]. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. Boulardii (Scb) is a wellknown probiotic with proven effects for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases (see [8] for review). Typically, between 30-60% of Saccharomyces yeast wall is composed by polysaccharides [9] and specifically mannose and galactose mannans represent respectively more than 50 μg/mg of yeast dry mass [10]. Our center (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA) developed a highly rich β-galactomannan prebiotic (βGM) from the carob bean of the Ceratonia silliqua tree that as non-digestible food prebiotic ingredient may beneficially affect the host. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and dendritic cells (DC) of the gut are crucial for maintaining immunological tolerance to environmental, food antigens and commensal bacteria, but also to develop strong responses to invading pathogens when required [11,12]. Recent studies have demonstrated that IECs are far from being a simple physical barrier to the external environment. Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) are recognized by Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), expressed on IECs membranes [13], leading to the activation of proinflammatory pathways, as nuclear factor- B (NF- -B) and activator protein 1 (AP1), related to cytokines and chemokines that coordinate the innate immune response [14]. Our work intended to establish an in vitro screening of an already known probiotic (Scb) and new developed prebiotic (bGM) to promote their use in animal feeding. First, we focused on antimicrobial activity and bacterial adhesion studies of these products on the IECs and how they may enhance an effective maintenance of the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, we studied their ability to modulate DCs which are pivotal for linking innate and adaptive immune response against pathogens. We were especially interested in the role of both cells types in cytokine and chemokine networks that regulate the homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract [15]. |
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