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cainiaodui新虫 (小有名气)
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| VEGF-A and Notch signaling pathways are key players governing tip and stalk cell behavior. Normal sprouting angiogenesis in the mouse retina requires a gradient of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF-A. This local VEGF-A gradient is produced by the preformed astrocyte network that serves as a guiding scaffold for the developing retinal plexus. In fact, the tip cells are closely attached to the astrocytes, and their filopodia extend along the astrocytes toward higher VEGF-A concentrations in this gradient. Interestingly, if VEGF-A stimulation is blocked using sVEGFR1 or neutralizing the signaling through VEGFR2 with antibodies, the tip cell filopodia are completely retracted in the sprouting retinal front, preventing tip cell migration and thus progression of vascular sprouting seizes. In contrast, stimulation of quiescent vessels with VEGF-A induces filopodia formation and tip cell gene expression, together illustrating that VEGF-A is both necessary and sufficient to induce endothelial tip cells. Similar observations in zebrafishembryogenesis and other tissues in the mouse confirm the general importance of this concept. |
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爱与雨下: 金币+1 2014-04-08 21:06:10
cainiaodui: 金币+15, 翻译EPI+1 2014-04-08 21:27:28
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| VEGF-A和Notch信号通路是调节尖端细胞和干细胞反应的关键。小鼠视网膜的正常出芽式血管新生要求促血管生成因子VEGF-A梯度。这一局部VEGF-A梯度由作为 视网膜神经丛发展导向支架的 星形胶质细胞网络产生。事实上，尖端细胞紧附于星形胶质细胞，并且它们的丝状伪足沿星形胶质细胞向更高的VEGF-A的浓度梯度方向延伸。有趣的是，如果用sVEGFR1阻断VEGF-A刺激 或抗体中和VEGFR2，尖端细胞丝状伪足在芽生视网膜前完全收缩，阻止根尖细胞的迁移，从而抑制血管发芽进程。相反，VEGF - A刺激静止血管则诱导丝状伪足形成以及尖端细胞的基因表达，正反两方面的实验表明VEGF-A必要性并且足以诱导内皮尖端细胞。斑马鱼胚胎发育和小鼠其他组织发育也观察到类似的情况，证实了这一概念具有普遍重要性。 |
2楼2014-04-08 16:54:42
