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[资源] Natural Lactones and Lactams: Synthesis, Occurrence and Biological Activity

Lactones and lactams are one of the best recognized classes of natural products.
They can be found in many natural sources and have very diversified structure
with the ring size varying from 4-membered up to 60-membered. The synthesis
and chemistry of natural lactones and lactams have been extensively studied in
many laboratories for a long time. The main reason for the enormous interest in
these two classes of compounds arises from the fact that lactone or lactam moiety
is present in a vast number of natural and synthetic compounds displaying a wide
spectrum of desired biological properties. Moreover, this moiety is usually crucial
for their activity. The most important application of the lactones and lactams is in
the pharmaceutical industry. Currently, plenty of drugs containing these structural
motifs, such as β-lactams, macrolactones, dihydropyran-2-ones or tetronic acids
are used in medicinal treatment of inflammation, cancer, malaria and many other
diseases. Many others are on different steps of medicinal trials. Well known are
also the odorant properties of many lactones which are used in fine and functional
perfumery. Musk odorants which are macrolactones or relatively simple γ- and
δ-lactones like whisky, wine or Aerangis lactones are the best known examples.
The second important reason for the great attention given by chemists to natural
lactones and lactams is their attractiveness as chiral building blocks which are
frequently used in organic synthesis. Taking all these facts into consideration, it is
really surprising that, to the best of my knowledge, any comprehensive compilation
dedicated to this group of natural products has not been published so far. I believe
that this book fills this gap, at least to some extent.
The lactone or lactam structural motif can be found in so many natural products
that it was not possible to include all of them in this book. Consequently, the
selection which had to be made is, to a great extent, the arbitral decision of the
editor proceeded by discussions with college chemists. The content of this book
is therefore arguable and one can imagine somewhat different choice of subjects.
One of the first things I had to do when starting the edition of this book was to get
in touch with and secure the cooperation of the undisputable experts in specific
and sometime narrow groups of lactones or lactams. Although it was a challenge in
a few cases, the list of contributors to this book shows clearly that this undertaking
has been successively accomplished.
The book is organized in eight chapters devoted to different classes of natural
lactones and lactams and I believe that all main groups are included. The only really
big class which is not discussed in this book are coumarins but fortunately many
reviews devoted to the occurrence, biological activity and synthesis of this class of
compounds have recently been published (see A. Yu. Fedorov, A. V. Nyuchev and
I. P. Beletskaya Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 2012, 48, 166, and references
cited therein). All contributors to this book were asked to include in their chapters a
general overview as well as information about the occurrence and biological activity
of the specific class of lactones and/or lactams. However, the main part of each
contribution is dedicated to the general and most recent synthetic methods leading
to each class of compounds. The authors were encouraged to adhere to this general
scheme, however their own ideas on the content of the chapter and personal style
were fully honored.
I would like to thank all the authors and coauthors of the individual chapters for
their excellent and timely contributions. Also, I would like to give special acknowledgments
to the Wiley-VCH editorial staff, in particular to Anne Brennfuehrer
who inspired me to take up the challenge of developing this book and guided me
through all the steps of the editorial process and to Lesley Belfit who took care of
all the technical aspects of book preparation.
Ł′od′z, May 2013 Tomasz Janecki
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