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[资源] Chemical Reviews热点综述: 纳米多孔粒子

Porous Nanosized Particles: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

The di ﬀ erent local environment of atoms exposed at solid
surfaces compared to atoms in the bulk is the driving force for
many physical and chemical processes. There are two
approaches to increase the number of surface atoms in solids,
namely, to decrease the size of dense particles or to create an
open pore network within the bulk of the solid. Both
approaches result in an increase in the speci ﬁ c surface area of
materials. An elegant way to synergize the two approaches and
to maximize the fraction of exposed atoms to the surface is to
prepare nanosized particles containing accessible and uniform
nanopores.

CONTENTS
1. Introduction 6734
2. Zeolites and Related Microporous Crystals 6736
2.1. Mechanism of Zeolite Formation 6736
2.2. Conventional Hydrogel Synthesis of Zeolite
Nanocrystals 6738
2.3. Con ﬁ ned-Space Synthesis of Nanozeolites 6742
2.4. Microreactor Synthesis 6743
2.5. Top-Down Approaches 6743
2.6. Nanometer-Thick Zeolite Sheets 6744
3. Ordered Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles 6745
3.1. Sto ̈ ber-Modi ﬁ ed Syntheses 6745
3.2. Synthesis in an Acidic Medium 6747
3.3. Co-Condensation Methods 6747
3.4. Other Approaches 6748
3.5. Template Removal and Colloidal Stability 6748
4. Metal − Organic Framework Nanomaterials 6748
4.1. Synthesis of Nanosized Metal − Organic
Frameworks 6749
4.2. Formation Mechanism 6750
5. Applications of Porous Nanomaterials 6751
5.1. Preparation of Porous Carbons 6751
5.2. Thin Films and Coatings  Synthesis and
Applications 6752
5.3. Optical and Sensing Aplications 6753
5.4. Catalytic Applications 6753
5.5. Biomedical Applications 6754
5.6. Other Potential Applications 6754
6. Summary and Outlook 6754
Author Information 6755
Corresponding Author 6755
Notes 6755
Biographies 6755
Acknowledgments 6756
References 6756

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