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美发布《科学与工程指标2008》 称其科学统治地位受到威胁[可下载全文,有连接]
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1月15日，美国国家科学委员会（NSB）正式向总统和国会发布了《科学与工程指标 2008》（Science and Engineering Indicators 2008，SEI'08）——该机构两年一次的陈述美国科学和工程研究以及教育状况的报告。该报告官方链接为：http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/indicators。 《科学与工程指标》系列报告是关于美国大学、企业、联邦政府以及国际科学和工程组织进行的研发的最全面信息源。在今年的报告中，国家科学委员会提出了三点最主要的建议，即联邦政府应该加大对基础研究的资助和支持；企业界和学术界应该有更广泛的智力交流和协作，应当鼓励企业研发人员成为同行评议论文的作者和评审人；评估全球化下美国的制造业和高技术行业的效益亟需新的数据和衡量标准。 在将美国和世界范围内的人才、劳动力、研发能力、高技术行业、政府和公众支持进行对比分析后，报告指出，尽管美国仍然是世界范围内科学和技术革新的领袖，但它的统治地位正在受到世界其他国家经济发展的威胁，尤其是亚洲。美国国家科学委员会认为，考虑到美国目前的高技术职业对外籍人员的依赖，美国的处境十分“微妙”。 报告指出，对科学和数学教育的调查结果“既令人失望又让人鼓舞”。在美国所有同文化民族中，四年级和八年级学生的数学能力都有较大提升，但在科学上的进步还远远不及其他一些国家。在美国所有人群中，来自欧洲和亚洲的移民数学等知识能力还是最强的。 报告指出，许多美国人无法接受科学思想，对许多基本的科学问题也没有认识，比如地球是否围绕着太阳运动。美国人与其他发达国家公民差距最大的两个科学问题就是进化论和大爆炸，尽管这两个观点是现代生物学和物理学基本原理。报告认为，“这种差异表明，许多美国人持有的宗教信仰会使他们对已确定的科学认识心存疑虑。”（科学网 任霄鹏/编译） ================ 连接见 http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/indicators |
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Global Advances Challenge U.S. Dominance in Science Article Tools Sponsored By By CORNELIA DEAN Published: January 16, 2008 The United States remains the world leader in scientific and technological innovation, but its dominance is threatened by economic development elsewhere, particularly in Asia, the National Science Board said Tuesday in its biennial report on science and engineering. The United States’ position is especially delicate, the agency said, given its reliance on foreign-born workers to fill technical jobs. The board is the oversight agency for the National Science Foundation, the leading source of money for basic research in the physical sciences. The report, on the Web at nsf.gov/statistics/indicators, recommends increased financing for basic research and greater “intellectual interchange” between researchers in academia and industry. The board also called for better efforts to track the globalization of high-tech manufacturing and services and their implications for the American economy. Over all, the report said, surveys of science and mathematics education are “disappointing and encouraging.” Fourth- and eighth-grade students in all ethnic groups showed improvement in math, it said, but progress in science is far less robust. Knowledge gaps persist between demographic groups, with European- and Asian-Americans scoring higher than other groups. Many Americans remain ignorant about much of science, the board said. Many are unable to answer correctly when asked whether Earth moves around the Sun (it does). They are not noticeably more ignorant than people in other developed countries except on two subjects, evolution and the Big Bang. Although these ideas are organizing principles underlying modern biology and physics, many Americans do not accept them. “These differences probably indicate that many Americans hold religious beliefs that cause them to be skeptical of established scientific ideas,” the report said, “even when they have some basic familiarity with those ideas.” ===================== 来源: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/1 ... r=1&oref=slogin [ Last edited by qijiongli on 2008-1-17 at 00:32 ] |
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