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The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Astronomy
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Foreword Astronomy is one of the oldest scientific disciplines. Observations of the sky by an- cient civilizations provided important milestones. Solar and lunar eclipses were promi- nent events as were the discovery of comets and "guest stars," now recognized to be supernovae. These "guest stars" were observed by Chinese, Japanese, and Korean as- tronomers (or astrologers) for the last two millennia and possibly were sighted by the ancestors of the native Americans of the U.S. Southwest. The prime example of this was the Crab supernova in 1054, a drawing of which can be seen at the Chaco Culture National Historical Park in New Mexico. Humans have had a fascination with astronomy for thousands of years. At the end of the twentieth century, public interest in astronomy is at an all-time high. Few scien- tific disciplines have so many active and successful amateurs. Many important discov- eries are made by amateurs, including comets, minor planets, and supernovae. Of course, Hollywood has also played a role in popularizing astronomy. A prominent recent example is the 1997 Warner Brothers film Contact, starring Jodie Foster. The film was made in 1995–1996, partly at the National Science Foundation’s Very Large Array in New Mexico. Ironically, the main subject matter of the film is SETI (the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence), one of the very few areas of astronomical re- search in which the VLA plays no role. Chris De Pree and Alan Axelrod present a comprehensive tour of the universe in The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Astronomy, Second Edition. Readers will enjoy the historical ap- proach, starting with the ancients, moving on to Copernicus and Galileo, and ending in the modern era with Neil Armstrong and others. This book provides an excellent guide not only for first-time observers, but also for experienced amateur astronomers. Astronomical techniques, the solar system, stars, and the distant universe are de- scribed in a concise but thorough manner. The simple physical concepts underlying these phenomena are presented as they are required. Finally, a few words about the senior author, Chris De Pree. Chris was a summer stu- dent at the Very Large Array a few years ago while he was a graduate student at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He later moved to the VLA for two years, where he completed his UNC Ph.D., working on radio observations of compact HII re- gions. He received his doctorate in 1996 and then moved to Decatur, Georgia, to join the faculty of Agnes Scott College as (not surprisingly) a professor of astronomy. Astronomy at Agnes Scott has begun a new and vital era, and readers of The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Astronomy, Second Edition are in for a treat that is informative and exhil- arating as well as challenging. Contents at a Glance Part 1: Finding Our Place in Space 1 1 Naked Sky, Naked Eye: Finding Your Way in the Dark 3 Finding your way around the night sky. No telescope necessary. 2 Ancient Evenings: The First Watchers 17 What the ancient astronomers saw, thought, and said. 3 The Unexplained Motions of the Heavens 31 Puzzles of planetary motion: early thoughts on the subject. 4 Astronomy Reborn: 1543–1687 47 Everything (well, not really) you need to know about Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. Part 2: Now You See It (Now You Don’t) 63 5 The Art of Collecting Light (with a Telescope) 65 Telescopes: what they see and how they work. 6 You and Your Telescope 81 A guide to choosing and using binoculars and telescopes. 7 Over the Rainbow 101 Electromagnetic radiation: what it is, how it travels, and what it does. 8 Seeing in the Dark 117 Alternatives to visible-light astronomy: radio, infrared, ultraviolet, and high energy. 9 Space Race: From Sputnik to the International Space Station 131 A brief history of space exploration. Part 3: A Walk Around the Block 147 10 The Moon: Our Closest Neighbor 149 All about Earth’s moon. 11 Solar System Home Movie 161 How our solar system was born and developed. 12 Solar System Family Snapshot 173 A tour through our solar system. 13 So Close and Yet So Far: The Inner Planets 189 The lowdown on Mercury, Venus, and Mars.14 Great Balls of Gas! The Outer Planets 205 All about Uranus, Neptune, Jupiter, and Saturn. 15 The Far End of the Block 221 The moons and rings of the jovian planets, and the story of Pluto. Part 4: To the Stars 235 16 Our Star 237 We explore the sun. 17 Of Giants and Dwarfs: Stepping Out into the Stars 251 Observing, measuring, and classifying stars. 18 Stellar Careers 267 How stars evolve—and how they end their lives. 19 Black Holes: One-Way Tickets to Eternity 279 Stellar endgames: neutron stars, black holes, and the strange effects they produce. 20 Stellar Nurseries 289 How stars are created. Part 5: Way Out of This World 301 21 The Milky Way: Much More Than a Candy Bar 303 A tour of our home Galaxy. 22 A Galaxy of Galaxies 317 Observing, measuring, and classifying galaxies. 23 Moving Out of Town 331 Active versus normal galaxies: Seyfert and radio galaxies, plus quasars. Part 6: The Big Questions 341 24 Table for One? 343 The odds on life beyond Earth and on other civilizations in the Milky Way. 25 What About the Big Bang? 359 How it all began (we think). 26 (How) Will It End? 369 Is the universe infinite or finite? Eternal or mortal? Will it end—and if so, how? Appendixes A Star Words Glossary 379 A glossary of astronomy. B Upcoming Eclipses 395 A list of lunar and solar eclipses to watch for. C The Constellations 397 A complete list of the constellations with their approxi- mate positions. D The Messier Catalog 401 The classic list of deep-sky objects—available to amateur astronomers. E Sources for Astronomers 407 Key sources of information, including books, guides, charts, astronomical event calendars, and Internet resources. Index 413 Download link：http://www.isload.com.cn/store/itdxqnmsmw8t6 [ Last edited by zhq025 on 2008-1-16 at 10:21 ] |
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