做纳米粒子生物应用的虫子们,有福音啦。Vasudevanpillai Biju(产业技术综合研究所,Advanced Industrial Science and Technology)在Chemical Society Reviews上发表了最新关于纳米材料化学修饰和生物连接的综述。
Abstract:As prepared nanomaterials of metals, semiconductors, polymers and carbon often need surface modifications such as ligand exchange, and chemical and bioconjugate reactions for various biosensor, bioanalytical, bioimaging, drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Such surface modifications help us to control the physico-chemical, toxicological and pharmacological properties of nanomaterials. Furthermore, introduction of various reactive functional groups on the surface of nanomaterials allows us to conjugate a spectrum of contrast agents, antibodies, peptides, ligands, drugs and genes, and construct multifunctional and hybrid nanomaterials for the targeted imaging and treatment of cancers. This tutorial review is intended to provide an introduction to newcomers about how chemical and bioconjugate reactions transform the surface of nanomaterials such as silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, gold quantum clusters, semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and graphene, and accordingly formulate them for applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, drug and gene delivery, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. Nonetheless, controversial reports and our growing concerns about toxicity and pharmacokinetics of nanomaterials suggest the need for not only rigorous in vivo experiments in animal models but also novel nanomaterials for practical applications in the clinical settings. Further reading of original and review articles cited herein is necessary to buildup in-depth knowledge about the chemistry, bioconjugate chemistry and biological applications of individual nanomaterials.
通常制备的纳米粒子(金属,半导体,聚合物和碳)在生物传感器,生物分析,生物成像,药物载体和药物治疗等实际应用时,通常要采用配体交换,化学和生物连接反应等手段对其进行表面修饰。这些修饰可以帮助我们控制纳米材料的物理化学,毒性,药理学等特性。与此同时,在纳米粒子的表面引入不同活性功能团可以允许我们连接一系列的造影剂,抗体,多肽,配体,药物,基因等,从而进一步构建多功能杂化纳米粒子用于靶向成像和癌症治疗。
这一综述试图给新进入这一领域研究的新手予基本的介绍。例如,硅纳米粒子,金纳米,金纳米簇,半导体量子点,碳纳米管,富勒烯和石墨烯等化学和生物连接反应的转变过程,阐述了用于生物传感器,生物成像,药物和基因载体,化学治疗,光动力学治疗以及光热治疗的应用。
尽管如此,有争议性的报告,还有我们日益关心的纳米材料的毒性和药代动力学需要严格的体内动物模型试验,以及加快新型纳米材料用于临床应用。进一步阅读本文的原创和综述性的文章可以有利于扩宽独特纳米粒子的化学、生物化学,生理应用。 |