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[求助]
求助医学类论文摘要翻译，谢谢
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| Nimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine-derivative Ca(2+)-channel blocker developed approximately 30 years ago. It is highly lipophilic, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and reaches brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Early treatment with nimodipine reduces the severity of neurological deficits resulting from vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients. In SAH, nimodipine reduced spasm-related deficits of all severities, but no spasm-unrelated deficits. This paper has reviewed preclinical studies on the influence of nimodipine in various animal models of cerebral ischemia, with particular attention toward investigations published in the last 10 years. These studies further support the main indication of nimodipine, by clarifying some mechanisms of the anti-ischemic activity of the compound. Papers reporting a possible role of nimodipine in epileptogenesis were also examined. Clinical studies on nimodipine were grouped into subarachnoid hemorrhage, acute ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia without stroke, dementia disorders, and migraine. Clinical investigations have shown that the drug improves neurological outcome by reducing the incidence and severity of ischemic deficits in patients with SAH from ruptured intracranial berry aneurysms regardless of their post-ictus neurological condition. No relevant effects of treatment with nimodipine were reported for acute ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia without stroke, and migraine, except than for cluster headache. The less pronounced cardiovascular effects of nimodipine compared to other dihydropyridine-type Ca(2+)-channel blockers probably accounts for its use out of label for treating patients affected by chronic cerebral ischemia and vascular cognitive impairment. However, the blood pressure-lowering effects of nimodipine should not be minimized, as clinical studies have documented lowering blood pressure in small groups of patients, including cases of withdrawn due to pronounced hypotension induced by nimodipine administration. In the area of vascular cognitive impairment, short-term benefits of nimodipine do not justify its use as a long-term anti-dementia drug, and benefits obtained in elderly patients affected by subcortical vascular dementia require to be confirmed by other groups and in larger scale trials. In conclusion, nimodipine is a safe drug with an important place in pharmacotherapy and with the main documentation for reduction in the severity of neurological deficits resulting from vasospasm in SAH patients. |
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爱与雨下: 金币+1 2013-12-17 18:50:12
霜叶: 金币+1, 翻译EPI+1, 你好，不需要百度翻译 2013-12-21 22:29:04
phu_grassman: 金币-5, 翻译EPI-1, invalid help. No machine translation next time. Thanks for your cooperation. 2013-12-22 10:27:29
爱与雨下: 金币+1 2013-12-17 18:50:12
霜叶: 金币+1, 翻译EPI+1, 你好，不需要百度翻译 2013-12-21 22:29:04
phu_grassman: 金币-5, 翻译EPI-1, invalid help. No machine translation next time. Thanks for your cooperation. 2013-12-22 10:27:29
| 尼莫地平是一种1,4-dihydropyridine-derivative Ca（2 +）通道阻断剂开发的大约30年前。它是高度亲脂性，穿过血脑屏障，到达脑和脑脊液。尼莫地平早期治疗，减少神经功能缺损，在蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后脑血管痉挛引起的严重的病人。在蛛网膜下腔出血，尼莫地平降低所有的严重的痉挛有关的赤字，但没有痉挛无关的赤字。本文综述了对脑缺血的动物模型，尼莫地平的影响不同的临床前研究，特别是对过去10年中发表的研究。这些研究进一步支持尼莫地平的主要标志，通过对该化合物的抗心肌缺血活性机制。文献报道尼莫地平在癫痫发病中可能发挥的作用也进行了研究。尼莫地平在临床研究分为蛛网膜下腔出血，急性缺血性中风，脑缺血无中风，痴呆症，偏头痛。临床研究表明，药物与蛛网膜下腔出血破裂颅内囊状动脉瘤无论他们的强音后神经系统疾病的患者降低缺血性功能障碍的发生率和严重程度，提高神经系统的结果。没有相关的报道与尼莫地平治疗急性缺血性脑卒中，脑缺血中风和偏头痛，不，除了比丛集性头痛。不太明显的心血管尼莫地平相比其他二氢吡啶类钙（2 +）通道阻滞剂可能占其使用的标签，用于治疗由慢性脑缺血和血管性认知障碍患者的影响。然而，降血压的尼莫地平不应该被最小化，临床研究已经证明降低血压在小组患者，包括撤回由于明显的低血压的尼莫地平给药诱导的例。在血管性认知功能障碍的地区，尼莫地平短期利益不能证明其使用作为一个长期的抗痴呆药物，老年患者的皮层下血管性痴呆的影响得到的好处需要被其他群体和较大规模的试验证实。总之，尼莫地平是一种药物治疗，在神经功能缺损，在SAH患者血管痉挛造成的严重程度的降低主要文献的重要场所安全的药物。 |
2楼2013-12-17 15:41:13