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[交流] 西方主流科学杂志开始涌现耐转基因杀虫作物研究报告

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_502041670102e5gn.html
PLoS ONE 是一个新兴的公开阅读的西方主流科学杂志。最近它发表了一篇题为“Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm”（http://www.plosone.org/article/i ... ournal.pone.0022629）[现场发生的西方玉米根虫对（转基因）Bt玉米的耐药性]的研究报告，文章的作者是美国艾奥瓦州立大学的研究人员。

该文的主要发现（Principal Findings）是：
Fields experiencing severe rootworm feeding contained Cry3Bb1 maize（被根虫严重侵蚀的田地种了转基因玉米Cry3Bb1 ）. Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in those fields for at least three consecutive years （转基因玉米Cry3Bb1 在这些田地被连续种了至少三年）. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of years Cry3Bb1 maize had been grown in a field and the survival of rootworm populations on Cry3Bb1 maize in bioassays（转基因玉米Cry3Bb1 在这些田地种殖的年代长久与生物测试显示的耐转基因玉米Cry3Bb1 的根虫存活率成明显的正相关）.
该文的结论/意义（Conclusions/Significance）在于（我就不翻译了，留点活给方舟子干）：
This is the first report of field-evolved resistance to a Bt toxin by the western corn rootworm and by any species of Coleoptera. Insufficient planting of refuges and non-recessive inheritance of resistance may have contributed to resistance. These results suggest that improvements in resistance management and a more integrated approach to the use of Bt crops may be necessary.

更有趣的是，该文的最后一段对近年发现的转基因作物耐药性的研究进行了总结（请方舟子翻译）：
Although no cases of field-evolved resistance were reported during the first decade of commercialization for Bt crops, several recent cases have been reported [12], [25], [37], [38], [39], [40]. Typically, there is a lag between the introduction of an insecticide and the first occurrence of resistance, which is then followed by a steady increase in the cumulative number of occurrences [41]; a trend that would clearly be undesirable for Bt crops. Stern et al. [42] outlined the foundation of integrated pest management by advocating the application of multiple methods to control pest populations, thus delaying or avoiding problems that include, but are not limited to, pest resistance [43]. To date, the widespread planting of Bt crops has resulted in pest resistance for only a small subset of all pest populations managed by this technology [18]. However, these recent cases suggest a need to develop more integrated management solutions for pests targeted by Bt crops [44], [45]. A common pattern observed among problem fields in this study was the consecutive planting of the same type of Bt maize over several seasons (Table 1). Even with resistance management plans in place, sole reliance on Bt crops for management of agriculture pests will likely hasten the evolution of resistance in some cases, thereby diminishing the benefits that these crops provide.

该文的引用：
Citation: Gassmann AJ, Petzold-Maxwell JL, Keweshan RS, Dunbar MW (2011) Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22629. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022629

该文引用和简介的最近发表的6篇转基因作物的杀虫成份出现耐药性的研究报告是：
Tabashnik BE, Gassmann AJ, Crowder DW, Carrière Y (2008) Insect resistance to Bt crops: evidence versus theory. Nat Biotechnol 26: 199–202. Find this article online
van Rensburg JBJ (2007) First report of field resistance by stem borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) to Bt-transgenic maize. S Afr J Plant Soil 24: 147–151. Find this article online
Storer NP, Babcock JM, Schlenz M, Meade T, Thompson GD, et al. (2010) Discovery and characterization of field resistance to Bt maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico. J Econ Entomol 103: 1031–1038. Find this article online
Downes S, Parker T, Mahon R (2010) Incipient resistance of Helicoverpa punctigera to the Cry2Ab Bt toxin in bollgard II cotton. PLoS ONE 5: e12567. Find this article online
Bagla P (2010) Hardy cotton-munching pests are latest blow to GM crops. Science 327: 1439. Find this article online
Dhurua S, Gujar GT (2011) Field-evolved resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from India. Pest Manag Sci 67: doi:10.1002/ps.2127.
因此，转基因杀虫作物出现耐药性不仅不是一个可以忽略的事实，而且还是一个关系到发展转基因作物的初衷能否实现并被维持的问题。如同滥用抗生素导致耐药性泛滥一样，盲目转基因和滥种转基因作物也可带来抗转基因害虫的泛滥！

忽略耐转基因杀虫作物的害虫的出现和泛滥将给人类的粮食和经济作物的生产带来严重后果！不可儿戏！！！

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