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[求助]
求助翻译下面一段文字，特别是标红色的那句，非常感谢！
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求助翻译下面一段文字 英译中： Studies of a newly discovered receptor or endogenous ligand are often confounded by incomplete knowledge of the exact role of that receptor or ligand. One of the most powerful of the new genetic techniques is the ability to breed animals (usually mice) in which the gene for the receptor or its endogenous ligand has been "knocked out," ie, mutated so that the gene product is absent or nonfunctional. Homozygous "knockout" mice will usually have complete suppression of that function, while heterozygous animals will usually have partial suppression. Observation of the behavior, biochemistry, and physiology of the knockout mice will often define the role of the missing gene product very clearly. When the products of a particular gene are so essential that even heterozygotes do not survive to birth, it is sometimes possible to breed "knockdown" versions with only limited suppression of function. Some patients respond to certain drugs with greater than usual sensitivity. (Such variations are discussed in: Drug Biotransformation.) It is now clear that such increased sensitivity is often due to a very small genetic modification that results in decreased activity of a particular enzyme responsible for eliminating that drug. Pharmacogenomics (or pharmacogenetics) is the study of the genetic variations that cause individual differences in drug response. Future clinicians may screen every patient for a variety of such differences before prescribing a drug. |
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RXMCDM
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4楼2013-11-17 22:48:12
2楼2013-11-12 17:12:35
xiaojian0502
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nono2009: 屏蔽内容, 违规存档, 本版严禁google等机器翻译 2013-11-18 14:53:13
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3楼2013-11-17 21:34:45
RXMCDM
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【答案】应助回帖
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真强必胜: 金币+1, good 2013-12-21 11:32:49
晨曦微露(phu_grassman代发): 金币+10, good job 2013-12-31 10:55:40
真强必胜: 金币+1, good 2013-12-21 11:32:49
晨曦微露(phu_grassman代发): 金币+10, good job 2013-12-31 10:55:40
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研究一种新发现的受体或内源性配体时，常常使人感到困惑，原因在于对受体或配体的确切作用并不十分了解。最新最强大的新的基因工程技术是生产繁殖受体基因或它的内源性配体基因已被“敲出”的动物（通常是小鼠），基因突变使基因产物缺失或无功能。纯合子“基因敲除”小鼠通常该功能完全抑制，而杂合子动物通常是部分抑制。观察基因敲除小鼠的行为，生物化学和生理学往往能够很清楚地判定缺失的基因产物的作用。当某一特定基因的产物非常重要时，杂合子就不会形成，有时只要功能受到抑制就会产生基因敲除的效果。 有些患者对某些药物更加灵敏，超于正常。 （这种变化的讨论见：药物的生物转化）。现在已经清楚，这种敏感性增加通常是由于一个非常小的遗传修饰，结果负责消除这种药物的特定的酶活性下降。药物基因组学（或药理学）研究的是导致药物反应个体差异的遗传多样性。未来的医生可能先确定每一位病人的这种药物反应多样性，然后才会开处方。 |
5楼2013-11-23 01:47:26
