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[求助] 帮忙翻译化学论文中的英文英译汉4

4. Xia et al. previously used Cu nanowire (CuNW) templated Pt nanotubes (PtNTs (Cu)) in the study of formic acid oxidation. 12 Although the activity of PtNTs (Cu) was signi ﬁ cantly higher than Pt/C, the Pt utilization was low (PtNT wall thickness of 12 nm); furthermore, the templated growth directions were not preserved and ORR activity was not examined. PtNTs (Cu) were initially studied for ORR activity because of the low cost and facile synthesis of CuNWs in comparison to AgNWs. Preliminary analysis concluded that PtNTs (Cu) produced an area activity signi ﬁ cantly larger than the DOE target and PtNTs (Ag). PtNTs (Cu), however, produced a dollar activity of 1.9 A $ −1 ; to meet a dollar activity benchmark using a CuNW template, the Pt loading needed to be signi ﬁ cantly reduced (to 19 wt % Pt) while maintaining a high ORR area activity. CuNWs further provide an acceptable substrate because Pt tends to segregate on a Cu surface (−0.04 eV atom −1 for a Pt impurity on a Cu host), preventing Pt from migrating into the CuNW core. 11 In addition, Cu has a low dissolution potential (0.159 V) and can be easily removed electrochemically. Pt coated CuNWs (Pt/CuNWs) were therefore synthesized by the partial galvanic displacement of CuNWs. Pt loadings were optimized for catalyst cost and stability; the resulting Pt/CuNW catalyst examined in this study was found to be highly active and durable for ORR. This study was completed simultaneously with work performed by Pivovar et al. at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory on CuNW synthesis and the electrochemical characterization of PtNTs (Cu). 13,14

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