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分享wiley图书一本：Kinetics of First-order Phase Transitions
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讲第一相变动力学的，wiley出的书内容比较经典，现将目录粘贴如下，以便同仁搜索。 Contents Foreword XI Preface XIII 1 Introduction 1 2 Basic Equations: Determination of the Coefficients of Emission in Nucleation Theory 7 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 BasicKineticEquations .......................... 9 2.3 Ratio of the Coefficients of Absorption and Emission of Particles . . . . . 10 2.3.1 TraditionalApproach............................ 11 2.3.2 A New Method of Determination of the Coefficients of Emission . . . . . 16 2.3.3 Applications ................................ 22 2.4 Generalization to Multicomponent Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.4.1 TraditionalApproach............................ 23 2.4.2 NewApproach ............................... 24 2.4.3 Applications ................................ 25 2.5 Generalization to Arbitrary Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.6 Initial Conditions for the Cluster-Size Distribution Function . . . . . . . 28 2.7 Description of Cluster Ensemble Evolution along a Given Trajectory . . . 30 2.7.1 Motivation ................................. 30 2.7.2 EffectiveDiffusionCoefficients ...................... 31 2.7.3 Evolution of the Cluster-Size Distribution Functions . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.8 Conclusions................................. 37 3 Kinetics of Nucleation–Growth Processes: The First Stages 39 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.2 BasicKineticEquations .......................... 41 3.3 Nonsteady-State Effects in the Initial Stage of Nucleation . . . . . . . . . 46 3.3.1 Approximative Solution in the Range1nnc−δnc ......... 47 3.3.2 Time Scale of Establishment of Steady-State Cluster-Size Distributions in the Range1nnc−δnc........................ 50 3.3.3 Results for the Rangenc−δncnnc+δnc ............. 51 3.3.4 Steady-State Nucleation Rate and Steady-State Cluster-Size Distribution in the Range1nnc+δnc........................ 51 3.4 Flux and Cluster Distributions in the Range of Supercritical Cluster Sizes 54 3.4.1 Results in the Rangencn8nc .................... 55 3.4.2 Results in the Rangen8nc ....................... 57 3.5 TimeIntervalforSteady-StateNucleation................. 65 3.5.1 KineticallyLimitedGrowth ........................ 66 3.5.2 Diffusion-LimitedGrowth ......................... 68 3.5.3 Nonsteady-State Time Lag and the Time Scale of Steady-State Nucleation 68 3.6 Further Basic Characteristics of Nucleation–Growth Processes . . . . . . 69 3.6.1 NumberofClustersFormedbyNucleation ................ 69 3.6.2 AverageSizeoftheClusters ........................ 70 3.6.3 TimeIntervalofIndependentGrowth ................... 71 3.7 Time of Steady-State Nucleation and Induction Time . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3.8 Formation of a New Phase with a Given Stoichiometric Composition . . 76 3.8.1 TheModel ................................. 76 3.8.2 BasicEquations............................... 76 3.8.3 Applications ................................ 81 3.9 SummaryofResults ............................ 86 3.9.1 Results for the Range of Cluster Sizesnnc ............... 86 3.9.2 Results for the Range of Cluster Sizesnnc ............... 87 3.9.3 Integral Characteristics of the Nucleation–Growth Process . . . . . . . . 89 3.10 Conclusions................................. 91 4 Theory of the Late Stages of Nucleation–Growth Processes: Ostwald Ripening 93 4.1 Coarsening ................................. 93 4.1.1 Introduction: Formulation of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4.1.2 Asymptotic Behavior of the Critical Cluster Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 4.1.3 Asymptotic Behavior of the Distribution Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 4.1.4 Boundary Effects and Theory of Sintering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 4.1.5 Diffusive Decomposition Involving Different Mass-transfer Mechanisms 109 4.1.6 Effects of Competition of Several Mass-Transfer Mechanisms . . . . . . 113 4.1.7 Asymptotic Stability of Solid Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 4.2 Rigorous Analysis of the Transformation of an Arbitrary Initial Distribution FunctionintoaUniversalOne ....................... 125 4.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 4.2.2 Canonical Form of the Basic System of Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 4.2.3 Coarsening in the Case of Power-Dependent Initial Cluster Size Distributions..................................... 131 4.2.4 Coarsening in the Case of Exponentially Decaying Initial Cluster-Size Distributions .................................. 135 4.2.5 Generalizations............................... 141 4.3 Theory of Diffusive Decomposition of Multicomponent Solutions . . . . 143 4.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 4.3.2 BasicEquationsandTheirSolution .................... 144 4.3.3 Regions of Phase Coexistence in Composition Space . . . . . . . . . . . 152 4.3.4 Competition of Different Phases in Coarsening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 4.3.5 Formation of Precipitates of Nonstoichiometric Composition . . . . . . . 161 4.3.6 Comparison with Experimental Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 4.3.7 Conclusions................................. 165 5 Shapes of Cluster-Size Distributions Evolving in Nucleation and Growth Processes 171 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 5.2 Analysis of Statistical Approaches: “Equilibrium Distribution” of Classical Nucleation Theory, Fisher’s Droplet, and Similar Models . . . . . . . . . 172 5.3 Thermodynamic Approach: On the Possibility of Evolution of MonodisperseCluster-SizeDistributions ...................... 175 5.4 DynamicalApproach............................ 178 5.4.1 Basic Kinetic Equations: General Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 5.4.2 DeterminationoftheCoefficientsofEmission............... 179 5.4.3 Determination of the Coefficients of Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 5.4.4 DescriptionofGrowthProcessesofClusters................ 181 5.4.5 ApplicationtotheDescriptionofNucleation ............... 184 5.4.6 Basic Kinetic Equations for Different Important Growth Mechanisms . . 185 5.5 Numerical Solution of the Kinetic Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 5.5.1 PrecipitationinaPerfectSolution ..................... 187 5.5.2 Effect of Nonlinear Inhibition of Cluster Growth on the Shape of the Cluster-SizeDistributions ......................... 192 5.5.3 Application of Fisher’s Expression for the Work of Cluster Formation . . 196 5.6 Selected Applications and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 5.7 Discussion ................................. 201 6 Coarsening Under the Influence of Elastic Stresses and in Porous Materials 203 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 6.2 Cluster Growth and Coarsening Under the Influence of Elastic Stresses Due toCluster–MatrixInteractions ....................... 205 6.2.1 Models of Elastic Stress in Cluster Growth and Coarsening . . . . . . . . 205 6.2.2 Theoretical Description of Coarsening at a Nonlinear Increase of the Energy of Elastic Deformations with Cluster Volume: A First Approach . . . . . 206 6.3 Ostwald Ripening in a System of Nondeformable Pores of Equal SizeR0 208 6.3.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Problem and General Solution . . . . . 208 6.3.2 Approximations and Numerical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 6.4 CoarseninginaSystemofWeakPores................... 216 6.5 Coarsening in a System of Nondeformable Pores with a Given Pore-Size Distribution................................. 219 6.5.1 AFirstApproximation ........................... 219 6.5.2 General Approach: Description of the Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 6.5.3 Results ................................... 223 6.6 Influence of Stochastic Effects on Coarsening in Porous Materials . . . . 224 6.7 Discussion ................................. 225 7 Cluster Formation and Growth in Segregation Processes at Given Input Fluxes of Monomers and Under the Influence of Radiation 227 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 7.2 Coarsening with Input Fluxes of Raw Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 7.2.1 PreliminaryEstimates ........................... 228 7.2.2 BasicKineticEquations .......................... 230 7.2.3 Results of the Numerical Solution of the Kinetic Equations . . . . . . . . 232 7.2.4 Discussion ................................. 235 7.3 Void Ripening in the Presence of Bulk Vacancy Sources . . . . . . . . . 237 7.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 7.3.2 BasicEquations............................... 237 7.3.3 DampedSources .............................. 239 7.3.4 UndampedSources............................. 243 7.3.5 Conclusions................................. 247 7.4 Growth and Shrinkage of Precipitates under Irradiation . . . . . . . . . . 247 7.4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 7.4.2 Diffusion Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Shrinkage of the Precipitates 248 7.4.3 Effect of the Precipitate Incoherence and the Solute Atom Transition into the Interstitial Sites and Back in the Lattice Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 7.4.4 TheCaseofIncoherentPrecipitation.................... 255 7.4.5 Conclusion ................................. 256 8 Formation of a Newly Evolving Phase with a Given Stoichiometric Composition 257 8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 8.2 BasicSetofEquations ........................... 259 8.3 The Stage of Nucleation of Clusters of the Newly Evolving Phase . . . . 264 8.4 TheTransientStage............................. 272 8.5 Kinetic Equations and Thermodynamic Relationships Accounting for Solute–SoluteInteractions ......................... 275 8.6 Rate of Change of the Number of Structural Elements of an Aggregate of theNewPhase ............................... 280 8.7 The Coefficient of Components Mass Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 8.8 Steady-StateNucleationRate........................ 285 8.9 Influence of Interaction of the Solute Components on Coarsening Processes 288 8.10 DiscussionandConclusion......................... 289 9 Nucleation and Growth of Gas-Filled Bubbles in Liquids 291 9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 9.2 NucleationinaLow-ViscosityLiquid ................... 292 9.2.1 Reduced Equations Describing the Process of Bubble Nucleation . . . . . 292 9.2.2 Time of Establishment of Steady-State Nucleation . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 9.2.3 Quasistationary Distribution of Subcritical Bubbles . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 9.2.4 Distribution Function of Bubbles in the RangeNc<N< N....... 300 9.2.5 Distribution Function of Bubbles in the RangeN> N.......... 302 9.3 TheIntermediateStage........................... 307 9.4 TheLateStage ............................... 314 9.5 ResultsofNumericalComputations .................... 322 9.6 Conclusions................................. 325 9.A Appendices................................. 326 9.A.1 SomeMathematicalTransformations ................... 326 9.A.2 Estimation of the Conditions when Merging of Colliding Bubbles can be Neglected.................................. 327 10 Phase Separation in Solid 3 He–4 He Mixtures 329 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 10.2 Homogeneous Nucleation in Mixtures: Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 10.3 Homogeneous Nucleation in 3 He– 4 He Solid Solutions: Experiment and ComparisonwithTheory.......................... 334 10.3.1 Spin Echoes in Restricted Geometry and Cluster Sizes . . . . . . . . . . 334 10.3.2 ExperimentalDetails............................ 335 10.3.3 ResultsandDiscussion........................... 337 10.3.4 Conclusion ................................. 339 10.4 Kinetics of Phase Transition in Solid Solutions of 4 He in 3 He at Different DegreesofSupersaturation......................... 339 10.4.1 ExperimentalResults............................ 339 10.4.2 Discussion ................................. 340 10.4.3 Conclusion ................................. 345 10.5 Influence of the Degree of Supercooling on the Kinetics of Phase Separation in Solid Mixtures of 4 He in 3 He ...................... 346 10.6 Comparison between Experiments and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 11 Nucleation versus Spinodal Decomposition in Confined Binary Solutions 353 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 11.2 Spinodal Decomposition in Adiabatically Isolated Systems . . . . . . . . 355 11.2.1 The Cahn–Hilliard–Cook Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 11.2.2 Thermodynamic Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 11.2.3 ResultsofNumericalCalculations..................... 359 11.2.4 TheoreticalInterpretation.......................... 362 11.2.5 Discussion ................................. 364 11.3 Generalized Cluster Model Approach to the Description of Phase Separation:TheModelSystem .......................... 365 11.4 PhaseSeparationinInfiniteDomains ................... 368 11.4.1 Thermodynamic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 11.4.2 Kinetics versus Thermodynamics in Phase Separation . . . . . . . . . . . 373 11.5 PhaseSeparationinFiniteDomains .................... 376 11.5.1 Thermodynamic Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 11.5.2 Kinetics................................... 384 11.5.3 Transition from Independent Cluster Growth to Coarsening . . . . . . . . 392 11.6 ResultsandDiscussion........................... 395 References 399 Index 413 |
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