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Preface 9
Executive summary 10
Abbreviations and acronyms 12
Regional defi nition 14
Boundaries of the East China Sea region 14
Physical characteristics 15
Socio-economic characteristics 22
Assessment 26
Freshwater shortage 26
Pollution 29
Habitat and community modifi cation 35
Unsustainable exploitation of fi sh and other living resources 40
Global change 45
Priority concerns 45
Causal chain analysis 47
Overexploitation of living resources in the East China Sea 47
Eutrophication in the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent inner shelf 49
Habitat and community modifi cation in coastal waters 52
Habitat and community modifi cation in inland systems 54
Conclusion 55
Policy options 56
Overexploitation of living resources in the East China Sea 56
Eutrophication in the Yangtze River estuary and adjacent inner shelf 58
Habitat and community modifi cation 60
Conclusions and recommendations 63
References 64
The Global International Waters Assessment i
The GIWA methodology vii
Annexes 68
Annex I List of contributing authors and organisations 68
Annex II Detailed scoring tables 69
Annex III List of laws and regulations related to water 73
Annex IV List of laws and regulations related to environmental protection 74
Annex V List of Laws and regulations related to fi sheries 75
Annex VI Other laws and regulations 76
Annex VII Records of main economic freshwater species in the estuary areas of the East China Sea 77
Annex VIII Records of main economic fi shes in the East China Sea 78
Annex IX Environmental quality standards for surface water 81

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