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至尊木虫 (职业作家)


[资源] Environment and its relation to sustainable development【已搜无重复】

strengthening international science for the benefit of society
Environment and its relation to sustainable development
Report of the CSPR Assessment Panel
Table of contents
ICSU Priority Area Assessment on Environment and
its Relation to Sustainable Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
1.1 Development of a strategy for ICSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
1.2 Evolution of ICSU’s environment portfolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
1.3 Approach of the PAA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
2 Key Environmental Challenges for the Scientific Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.1 Key issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.2 Challenges for the scientific community and for ICSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.2.1 Conceptual/analytical challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.2.2 Challenges of capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
2.2.3 Practical challenges of influencing policy-makers
and communicating with the public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
2.2.3.1 Integrated conceptual framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
2.2.3.2 Importance of scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
2.2.3.3 Importance of recognizing various epistemologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3 ICSU’s Mission and Role in the Area of Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
4 The Advisory Committee on the Environment (ACE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
5 Analysis of ICSU Current Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
5.2 Assessments bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
5.2.1 Scientific Committee On Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) . . . . . . . . . .23
5.2.2 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
5.3 Thematic organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
5.3.1 Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
5.3.2 Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
5.3.3 Committee On SPAce Research (COSPAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
5.3.4 Committee on Disaster Reduction (CDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
5.3.5 Scientific Committee on the Lithosphere (SCL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
5.3.6 Scientific Committee On Solar-TErrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) . . . . . . . . . . . .27
5.4 Global Environmental Change Programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
5.4.1 International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
5.4.2 International Human Dimensions Programme on
Global Environmental Change (IHDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
5.4.3 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
5.4.4 DIVERSITAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
5.4.5 Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
5.4.5.1 Global Carbon Project (GCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
5.4.5.2 Global Environmental Change and Food Systems (GECAFS) . . . . . . . .31
5.4.5.3 Global Water System Project (GWSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
5.4.5.4 Global Environmental Change and Human Health (GECHH) . . . . . . . .32
5.4.6 Funding of Global Environmental Change Programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
5.5 Monitoring/observations, data/information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
5.5.1 Global Observing Systems (GOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
5.5.1.1 Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
5.5.1.2 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
5.5.1.3 Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
5.5.2 Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
5.5.3 Global Observing Systems: Analysis and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
5.5.4 Panel on World Data Centres (WDC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
5.5.5 Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical
Data Analysis Services (FAGS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
5.6 International Scientific Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
5.6.1 Retrospect and prospect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
5.6.2 The role of the Unions within ICSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
5.6.3 Core issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
5.7 National Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
5.8 Collaboration within ICSU and with external bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
5.9 Capacity Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
5.9.1 Capacity building for research on environment
and sustainable development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
5.9.2 Global Change SysTem for Analysis, Research and Training (START) . . . . . . . .44
6 Areas of Emphasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
6.1 Areas currently covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
6.2 Emerging issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
6.3 New priority areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
6.3.1 Environment and human health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
6.3.2 Natural and human-induced hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
6.3.3 Human security – Environmental refugees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
6.3.4 Transgenic crops and their implications for the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
7 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Annexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Annex 1: Article 12 of ICSU’s Rules of Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Annex 2: Members of the CSPR Priority Assessment Panel
on Environment and its Relation to Sustainable Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Annex 3: Background Information and Terms of Reference for the
ICSU Panel on Priority Area Assessment on Environment
and its Relation to Sustainable Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Annex 4: Questionnaire sent to ICSU IBs and Scientific Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Annex 5: Project Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Annex 6 : List of Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
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[ Last edited by wmxcau on 2007-11-21 at 15:48 ]
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