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[资源] 经典综述——超高强材料

超高强材料Ultra-strength materials
Ting Zhu, Ju Li
Contents
1. Introduction . . . ..................................................................... 711
2. Ultra strength and elastic strain engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... 712
3. Ultra-strength experiments . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. 715
4. General theoretical considerations . . . . .................................................. 718
4.1. Lengthscale effect . . . . . . ....................................................... 719
4.2. Timescale effect . . . . . . . . ....................................................... 719
5. Deformation mechanisms: shear and fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... 721
5.1. Dislocation nucleation. . . ....................................................... 721
5.1.1. Athermal nucleation and influence of the stress state .......................... 721
5.1.2. Thermally activated nucleation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... 723
5.1.3. Temperature and strain-rate dependence of nucleation stress . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 724
5.2. Dislocation exhaustion . . ....................................................... 725
5.3. Sample-size effects on yield strength . . . . . . ....................................... 727
5.4. Dislocation–interface interaction . . . . . . . . . . ....................................... 729
5.5. Intragrain versus intergrain mechanisms . . . ........................................ 730
5.5.1. The strongest size . . . . . . . . . . ............................................. 731
5.5.2. Size-dependent activation volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... 733
5.6. Effects of mobile dislocation density and strain hardening . . . . . . . . .................... 734
5.7. Twinning and martensitic transformation . . . ....................................... 735
5.7.1. Deformation twinning versus slip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... 735
5.7.2. Martensitic transformation . . ............................................. 737
5.8. Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................... 738
5.8.1. Brittle versus ductile fracture ............................................. 738
5.8.2. Size and loading effects on nanoscale fracture . . . . . . .......................... 739
5.8.3. Grain boundary engineering . ............................................. 741
6. Diffusion-controlled deformation mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... 742
7. Conclusions. . . . ..................................................................... 746
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................... 747
References . . . . ..................................................................... 747

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