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From Research to Manuscript A Guide to Scientific Writing.pdf
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¹ØÓÚÂÛÎÄд×÷µÄÊé¡£2006°æ Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................ vii INTRODUCTION............................................................................ ix SCIENTIFICPAPERS USED ASEXAMPLES....................................... xi 1. TOOLSANDTECHNIQUES......................................................... 1 1. TheStandards......................................................................... 1 1.1. AStereotypedFormat........................................................ 1 1.2. PreciseLanguage.............................................................. 1 1.3. ASingle, ClearDirection.................................................... 2 1.4. Reviewed and MadeAvailabletoOthers.................................. 2 2. WordsandText...................................................................... 3 2.1. Writewith ExactnessandClarity........................................... 3 2.2. HowtoWrite Text............................................................. 6 2.3. Advice toSpeakersof Other Languages.................................. 24 3. Numbers............................................................................... 25 3.1. Tables............................................................................ 27 3.2. Statistics......................................................................... 30 4. Figures................................................................................. 41 4.1. BasicGuidelines............................................................... 41 4.2. FigureLegends................................................................. 43 4.3. Graphs........................................................................... 43 4.4. Aestheticsof NumericalFigures............................................ 48 5. ScientificPatterns.................................................................... 49 2. THE SCIENTIFICPAPER............................................................. 51 1. ResearchandWriting............................................................... 51 1.1. DailyLabNotebook........................................................... 51 1.2. ABeginningDraft............................................................. 52 2. Writingthe Sections ofaScientificPaper....................................... 53 2.1. Materials andMethods....................................................... 54 2.2. Appendix........................................................................ 66 2.3. Results........................................................................... 68 2.4. Discussion....................................................................... 85 2.5. Conclusion...................................................................... 101 2.6. Introduction..................................................................... 104 2.7. Title.............................................................................. 113 2.8. Abstract.......................................................................... 115 2.9. References...................................................................... 121 2.10. Footnotes...................................................................... 123 2.11. Acknowledgements.......................................................... 124 3. PREPARING TO PUBLISH........................................................... 125 1. GestationandRewriting............................................................ 125 1.1. DetailsofStyle................................................................. 125 1.2. Rewrite.......................................................................... 126 1.3. AFriendly Critique............................................................ 127 1.4. Readthe PaperBackwards................................................... 127 1.5. Spelling.......................................................................... 128 2. FinalManuscriptPreparation...................................................... 129 3. Responding toEditorsand Referees.............................................. 132 3.1. A PrecritiqueRewrite......................................................... 132 3.2. The Comment-by-CommentLetter........................................ 132 3.3. StayCalm ...................................................................... 133 APPENDIXES................................................................................ 135 A. Words That AreOftenMisused............................................... 135 B. SimplifyingWordy,Redundant,andAwkwardPhrases................. 141 C. StandardScientificAbbreviations............................................ 143 D. TypicalBibliographic Formats............................................... 147 E. AdditionalReading.............................................................. 149 INDEX......................................................................................... 151 |
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