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[½»Á÷] From Research to Manuscript A Guide to Scientific Writing.pdf

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Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................ vii
INTRODUCTION............................................................................ ix
SCIENTIFICPAPERS USED ASEXAMPLES....................................... xi
1. TOOLSANDTECHNIQUES......................................................... 1
1. TheStandards......................................................................... 1
1.1. AStereotypedFormat........................................................ 1
1.2. PreciseLanguage.............................................................. 1
1.3. ASingle, ClearDirection.................................................... 2
1.4. Reviewed and MadeAvailabletoOthers.................................. 2
2. WordsandText...................................................................... 3
2.1. Writewith ExactnessandClarity........................................... 3
2.2. HowtoWrite Text............................................................. 6
2.3. Advice toSpeakersof Other Languages.................................. 24
3. Numbers............................................................................... 25
3.1. Tables............................................................................ 27
3.2. Statistics......................................................................... 30
4. Figures................................................................................. 41
4.1. BasicGuidelines............................................................... 41
4.2. FigureLegends................................................................. 43
4.3. Graphs........................................................................... 43
4.4. Aestheticsof NumericalFigures............................................ 48
5. ScientificPatterns.................................................................... 49
2. THE SCIENTIFICPAPER............................................................. 51
1. ResearchandWriting............................................................... 51
1.1. DailyLabNotebook........................................................... 51
1.2. ABeginningDraft............................................................. 52
2. Writingthe Sections ofaScientificPaper....................................... 53
2.1. Materials andMethods....................................................... 54
2.2. Appendix........................................................................ 66
2.3. Results........................................................................... 68
2.4. Discussion....................................................................... 85
2.5. Conclusion...................................................................... 101
2.6. Introduction..................................................................... 104
2.7. Title.............................................................................. 113
2.8. Abstract.......................................................................... 115
2.9. References...................................................................... 121
2.10. Footnotes...................................................................... 123
2.11. Acknowledgements.......................................................... 124
3. PREPARING TO PUBLISH........................................................... 125
1. GestationandRewriting............................................................ 125
1.1. DetailsofStyle................................................................. 125
1.2. Rewrite.......................................................................... 126
1.3. AFriendly Critique............................................................ 127
1.4. Readthe PaperBackwards................................................... 127
1.5. Spelling.......................................................................... 128
2. FinalManuscriptPreparation...................................................... 129
3. Responding toEditorsand Referees.............................................. 132
3.1. A PrecritiqueRewrite......................................................... 132
3.2. The Comment-by-CommentLetter........................................ 132
3.3. StayCalm ...................................................................... 133
APPENDIXES................................................................................ 135
A. Words That AreOftenMisused............................................... 135
B. SimplifyingWordy,Redundant,andAwkwardPhrases................. 141
C. StandardScientificAbbreviations............................................ 143
D. TypicalBibliographic Formats............................................... 147
E. AdditionalReading.............................................................. 149
INDEX......................................................................................... 151
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