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Membrane Filtration Handbook
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Membrane Filtration Handbook ϲ»¶µÄÅóÓÑÇë¶à¶àÆÀ¼Û£¬¶à¶àÖ§³Ö£¡£¡£¡ This is the second edition of the Membrane Filtration Handbook. In an effort to improve the Handbook, it has been enlarged to include the description of pretreatment, automatic controls and pumps. This Handbook is the product of many years of experience in the field of membrane filtration, and it is intended to be a mixed bag of information. The Handbook¡¯s goal is to provide information about many common problems and help answer questions that newcomers to membrane filtration often face. The book also provides information helpful to the engineer who designs and builds membrane equipment or works with existing plants. Students may also find the Handbook helpful in understanding basic membrane plant design and operation. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Definitions and Buzzwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 The Four Membrane Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Products and Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Membranes - Materials, Structure, Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Membrane Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Membrane Module/Element Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Comparing Membrane Modules and Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Limitations of Membranes and Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Pump Types and Pump Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 The Seal Between the Product and the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Christmas Tree or Multi-stage Plant Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Plant Functions (Start, Stop, Flush) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Pretreatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Pretreatment Methods and Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Water Supply and Drain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Chemicals for Cleaning. Problematic Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Cleaning Agent Suppliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Pasteurization, Disinfection, Sterilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Measuring Devices, Flow, Pressure, TDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 PLC, PC and Main Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 How to Control Membrane Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Common Control Loops in Membrane Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 How to Avoid TS Surges on Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Electrically and Pneumatically Operated Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Control of Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Optimizing Parameters and Plant Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Do Not ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Price, Systems and Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Designing a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 ÏÂÔØµØÖ·£º www.gewater.com/pdf/1229223-%20L ... tion%20Handbook.pdf http://rapidshare.com/files/6197 ... ration_Handbook.pdf |
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