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ybin536913金虫 (小有名气)
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[求助]
铜合金 摘要翻译--求好心人帮帮忙
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Cu-Cr系(Cr＜1.2wt%)合金因其具有优良的导电性和较高的强度被广泛用于电力、电子行业，比如高压开关中的触头材料、接触导线等。Cu-Cr系合金是析出强化型铜合金的主要代表之一。但Cr-Cu固溶性差、熔点相差约800℃、高温熔炼均匀性差、能耗高；Ni元素能无限固溶于Cu中形成α固溶体；Cr-Ni合金共晶温度比Cr降低约500℃以其中间合金加入Cu基体可显著降低Cu-Cr合金的熔炼温度，改善合金的组织性能并减低能耗。 为此，本文拟在铜中引入Cr-Ni中间合金，依据Cr-Ni合金相图共晶点二者质量分数比，以此为指导制备出Cu-0.3(Cr44Ni)和Cu-0.5(Cr44Ni)两种合金（分别命名为a、b合金）。采用硬度试验、拉伸试验、电阻测试，光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及透射电镜(TEM)等分析，对Cu-0.3(Cr44Ni)和Cu-0.5(Cr44Ni)合金的轧制变形加工硬化及退火软化行为、时效行为、固溶时效加工硬化行为等进行了系统研究，研究结果表明： 1. a、b合金经1000℃/1h固溶处理后形成完全固溶体,硬度分别为67.3、75.5HV，相较于Cu的硬度提升了30%，有一定的固溶强化效应；a、b固溶合金经不同温度和时间时效处理后，在450℃/1h时效时达到峰值硬度分别为138、152HV，比固溶态合金的提高约100%。表明合金经固溶-时效处理后，时效强化效果显著；轧制变形对时效行为的影响表明，变形对时效强化效果影响不大，但在变形量达到75%后、时效时间显著缩短。 2. 轧制变形量约60%时a合金加工硬化高于b合金、变形量大于60%时b合金加工硬化高于a合金，当a、b合金变形量分别达60、75%时达到峰值硬度（分别为123.7、132HV）显著高于固溶态硬度而明显低于时效硬度；固溶加工硬化达峰值硬度的a、b合金经300～700℃/1h退火后的硬度变化表明450℃/1h以下退火对加工硬化影响不大、合金有很好的抗回复软化抗力。a、b合金分别在600、650℃时完成再结晶过程，使铜再结晶温度提高200℃以上。 3. 时效处理对固溶加工硬化影响表明b合金的加工硬化均高于a合金，达到峰值硬度的形变量与固溶加工硬化相同，但峰值硬度（分别为163.5、184HV）显著高于其它几种工艺条件处理后的硬度；固溶时效加工硬化达峰值硬度的a、b合金经300～700℃/1h退火后的硬度变化表明350℃/1h以下退火硬度不变，但塑性和导电性可以得到明显提高。 4. a、b两合金经1000℃/1h固溶水淬-450/1h时效-75%变形后抗拉强分别为425、446MPa，电导率分别为74.7、70.1%IACS，延伸率分别为2.4、3.1%；固溶-时效-变形后的a、b合金经350℃保温1h时强度强度仍达348、378MPa、延伸率提升到8.0、9.7%，电导率分别达88.4、83.7%IACS。 综合以上研究结果可知，Cu-x(Cr44Ni)合金经过固溶-时效-变形-低温回复处理后，可以实现高强度、高塑性与高导电性的统一，有较好的应用开发价值。 |
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2楼2013-05-26 08:50:34
【答案】应助回帖
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爱与雨下: 金币+1 2013-05-28 22:03:12
爱与雨下: 金币+1 2013-05-28 22:03:12
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Cu-Cr-based (Cr <1.2wt%) alloys are widely used in electrical and electronic industries, such as the contact material and the contact wires in high-voltage switches because of its excellent electrical conductivity and high strength . Cu-Cr-based (Cr <1.2wt%) alloys are one of the main representatives of in precipitated fortified copper alloys . however, Cu-Cr alloys also have some drawbacks including poor Cr-Cu solid solution, melting point difference of approximately 800 ℃, poor high temperature melting uniformity and high energy consumption; Ni element can solid solute infinitely into Cu to form the α solid solution; The eutectic temperature of Cr-Ni alloys is 500 ℃ lower than that of Cr since the adding of Cu matrix into intermediate alloys can significantly reduce the melting temperature of Cu-Cr alloy and improve organizational performance and reduce energy consumption of the alloys. Therefore, in this article , the authors are intended to introduce Cr-Ni intermediate alloys into Cu , then prepare two alloys of Cu-0.3 (Cr44Ni) and Cu-0.5 (Cr44Ni) which will be referred to as a, b alloys herein, respectively, based on the Cr-Ni alloy phase diagram eutectic point mass ratio between the two elements as a guideline. Assays including hardness test, tensile test, resistance test, optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) had been used to perform systematical analysis on rolling deformation hardening, annealing softening behavior, aging behavior and solid solution aging hardening behavior in the Cu-0.3 (Cr44Ni) and Cu-0.5 (Cr44Ni) alloys, the study results had demonstrate: 1. A and b alloys will from a complete solid solution after 1000 ℃ / 1h solid solution with a hardness of 67.3 and 75.5 HV, respectively ; Hardness is 30% higher than that of Cu concomitant with some solid solution fortifying effects; at the 450℃/1h, a and b solid solution alloy under different temperature and aging treatment can reach the peak hardness of 138 and 152 HV, respectively, which are approximately 100% higher than that of the solid solution alloy. Significant aging fortifying effects were demonstrated in solid solution - aging treated alloys ; the effects of rolling deformation on aging behavior suggested that deformation has little effect on the aging fortifying effects, but aging time was significantly shortened after a 75% of deformation has been reached . 2. At a rolling deformation of about 60%, alloy a has a hardness higher than that of alloy b; at a deformation greater than 60% ,alloy a has a hardness higher than that of alloy b, alloy a and b reached peak hardness of 123.7 and 132HV at alloy deformation of 60 % and 75% ,respectively ,which was significantly higher than the hardness of solid solution and significantly lower than aging hardness; solid solution hardening alloys a and b can reach peak hardness under 300 ~ 700 ℃ / 1h annealing, which indicates that annealing conducted below 450 ℃ / 1h had little effect on hardening process and alloy has appropriate anti - softening resistance. Alloy a and b had accomplished recrystallization at 600℃ and 650 ℃,respectively, which had raised the recrystallization temperature of copper for 200 ℃. 3. Aging treatment effect on solution hardening showed the alloy b had a higher hardening than alloy a, and the deformation with peak hardness is the same as solution, but the peak hardness (163.5,184 HV, respectively) was significantly higher than the hardness from several other processes; solid solution hardening alloys a and b can reach peak hardness under 300 ~ 700 ℃ / 1h annealing , which is associated with a constant hardness under annealing below 350℃/1h , but the ductility and conductivity can be significantly improved. 4. Alloy a and b had tensile strength of 425 and 446MPa with 1000 ℃ / 1h solid solution water quench -450/1h aging plus 75% deformation, and the conductivity were 74.7 and 70.1% IACS, respectively; the elongation were 2.4 and 3.1 % , respectively; For the solid solution - aging - deformation treated alloys a and b , the strength still reached up to 348 and 378 MPa, elongation had improved to 8.0 and 9.7%; conductivity were of 88.4、83.7% IACS , respectively . Based on the above results we conclude that the solid solution - aging - deformation -Low temperature back treated Cu-x(Cr44Ni) can achieve the combination of high strength, high ductility and high electrical conductivity , thus ,there is a good application prospect. |
3楼2013-05-28 12:03:02
ybin536913
金虫 (小有名气)
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5月28，太晚了点啦 哈哈，也谢谢了哦 4楼2013-07-31 11:19:09