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Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass: Catalysts, Thermodynamics and Kinetics 已有1人参与
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本贴包含一篇综述<Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass: Catalysts, Thermodynamics and Kinetics> <Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass: Catalysts, Thermodynamics and Kinetics>: CONTENTS 1. Introduction 5404 2. Steam Gasification of Biomass 5406 2.1. Types of Biomass 5406 2.2. Chemical Characteristic of Plant Biomass 5408 2.3. Physical Characteristic of Plant Biomass 5410 2.3.1. Biomass Size 5410 2.3.2. Biomass Structure 5411 2.4. Chemistry of Gasification 5411 2.5. Design of Gasifiers 5412 2.5.1. Fixed-Bed Gasifiers 5412 2.5.2. Fluidized-Bed Gasifiers 5413 2.5.3. Advantages/Disadvantages of the Different Gasifying Reactors 5414 2.6. Gasifier Operating Conditions 5414 2.6.1. Equivalence Ratio 5414 2.6.2. Operating Temperature 5415 2.6.3. Operating Pressure 5415 2.6.4. Gasifying Agents 5415 2.6.5. Residence Time 5415 2.7. Advantages and Technical Challenges for Biomass Gasifiers 5415 3. Catalysts for Steam Gasification of Biomass 5415 3.1. Dolomite, Olivine, and Alkali Metal-Based Catalysts 5417 3.2. Nickel-Based Catalysts 5418 3.2.1. Catalyst Deactivation 5418 3.2.2. Effect of Catalyst Support and Dopants 5418 4. Thermodynamics of Steam Gasification of Biomass 5419 4.1. Nonstoichiometric Approach 5419 4.2. Thermodynamic Modeling of Biomass Gasification 5419 4.3. CREC Thermodynamic Biomass Gasification Model 5420 4.3.1. Equilibrium Constants 5421 4.3.2. Distribution of Product Species 5421 4.4. Thermodynamic Analysis of Coke Formation 5423 4.5. Gas-Phase Reactions: At Thermodynamic Equilibrium or Kinetically Limited? 5424 4.6. Optimizing Gasifier Operating 5425 5. Kinetic Studies of Catalytic Steam Gasification of Biomass 5426 5.1. Kinetic Modeling 5426 5.2. Time Scale Analysis 5426 5.3. Kinetic Models at Particle Scale 5427 5.4. Intrinsic Kinetics for Biomass Gasification: The CREC “Additive Effect” Model 5427 6. Conclusions and Future Prospects 5428 Author Information 5429 Biographies 5429 Acknowledgment 5430 Notation 5430 Greek Symbols 5430 Acronyms 5430 References 5430 |
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