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[资源] Light-Associated Reactions of Synthetic Polymers

Light-Associated Reactions of Synthetic Polymers

http://www.91files.com/?W7OCGCXOIWLAHL0QD4IE
Preface
This book deals only with technologically useful light-associated
reactions of polymeric materials. It does not discuss, therefore, all light
associated reactions of synthetic polymers. Thus, for instance, photo
degradations of polymers in the environment are not included. That is a separate,
very important subject presented in books dedicated to polymer degradations.
field of polymer chemistry that I personally believe is very interesting. One need
merely look at such examples as hardening of properly formulated enamels or
varnishes by exposure to light of certain wave lengths. In many instances this is
achieved in a fraction of a second. By comparison, hardening of enamels or
varnishes by oven baking requires anywhere from ten minutes to a half an hour
or even longer at elevated temperatures. Other examples include the possibility
of aligning liquid crystals on flat panel displays by exposure to light of proper
wave length in place of physical rubbing to force them into alignment.
Interesting examples also include polymers that are capable of trapping the light
energy of the sun or conducting electricity when exposed to light. Not all the
light-associated reactions presented in this book have achieved
commercialization. On the other hand, it appears that all those presented here
have an industrial potential.
Prior to writing this book, I examined many more publications than are
listed in the references. I chose only those that illustrate each subject best. This
does not mean, however, that the publications that were not included are inferior
in any way to those presented here.
This book consists of six chapters. The first chapter is a brief
introduction to photo chemistry and physics of polymers for those not familiar
with the subject. The information is given to help the reader follow the
discussions in the subsequent chapters. It is not, however, a thorough discussion
of the subject and the interested reader is urged to read the original sources.
Chapter two is dedicated to the subject of photosensitizers and photoinitiators.
They are mentioned in the discussions in the remaining four chapters. It was felt,
therefore, that they belong in a separate chapter, by themselves. Chapter three
discusses the chemistry of light curing of coatings and inks. Chapter four is
dedicated to photocrosslinking of polymeric materials. Chapter five presents
light responsive polymeric materials and some of their uses. It includes many
diverse subjects. Chapter six discusses work done to develop polymeric
materials for use in nonlinear optics.
This book is dedicated to all the scientists who do their research in this
fascinating field.
ix
Photoassociated reactions of polymers for various practical applications are in a

Contents
1. Introduction
1.2. The Energy of Radiation.......................................................................... 2
1.3. Reaction of Light with Organic Molecules............................................. 3
1.6. The Charge Transfer Processes in Polymeric Materials.........................17
1.7. The Antenna Effect in Polymers............................................................ 21
2. Photosensitizers and Photoinitiators
2.1. Photosensitizers...................................................................................... 23
2.2. Photoinitiators........................................................................................ 26
2.2.1. Free-Radical Photoinitiators.........................................................27
2.2.1.1. Aromatic Ketone Photoinitiators.....................................28
2.2.1.2. Initiators Based on Maleimide
and Similar Compounds.................................................. 43
2.2.1.5. Photoinitiators Designed for Water Borne Systems........69
2.2.1.6. Oligomeric and Polymeric Photoinitiators......................71
2.2.1.7. Photoinitiators Designed for Use with Visible Light......77
2.2.1.8. Miscellaneous Free-Radical Photoinitiators....................86
2.2.2.1. Anionic Photoinitiators.....................................................87
2.2.2.2. Cationic Photoinitiators....................................................89
2.2.2.2.1. Diazonium Salts............................................... 89
2.2.2.2.2. Onium Salts...................................................... 90
2.2.2.2.3. Organometallic Cationic Photoinitiators.........106
2.2.3. Photoinitiators Capable of Initiating Simultaneously Cationic
3.2.1.2. Oligomers and Prepolymers....................................132
v
1.4. Energy Transfer Process ........................................................................12
1.1. The Nature of Light .................................................................................1
and Free-Radical Polymerizations ............................................... 109
3. Chemistry of Photocurable Compositions
3.1. Basic Background of Photocurable Materials......................................123
3.2 Compositions that Cure By Free-Radical Mechanism ...................124
Polymerization .....................................................................125
3.2.1.3. The Mechanism of Free-Radical
3.2.1. Photocuring by Free-Radical Chain Growth
3.2.1.3.b. The Propagation Reaction .......................147
Photopolymerization ............................................... 142
2.2.2. Photoinitiators for Ionic Polymerization.......................................87
3.2.1.3.a. The Initiation Reaction............................ 142
3.2.1.1. Monomers used in Photocuring ..............................125
1.5. Electron Transfer Process.......................................................................16
2.2.1.3. Two-Component Photoinitiators..................................... 47
2.2.4. Photoinitiators for Two-Photon-Induced Polymerizations..........110
2.2.1.4. Multicomponent Photoinitiating S ystems........................63
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................

[ Last edited by polymersun on 2007-9-18 at 18:24 ]

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