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syy911

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The photocatalytic splitting of water using oxide semiconductors is initiated by the direct absorption of a photon, which creates separated electrons and holes in the energy band gap of  the material. These charges can move to the surface of  the semiconductor particle and react with water, provided the potential difference of this reaction exceeds 1.23 eV, dictated by the standard potential E0 of water being--1.23 (standard hydrogen electrode,SHE, pH=0).
  The oxide semiconductor system we used for this reaction is InTaO4 which crystallizes in the monoclinic wolframite-type structure with space group P2/a. The structure (Fig. la and b) contains TaO6 and InO6 octahedra in a unit cell. The InO6 octahedra share edges to form zigzag chains along the [100] direction, with individual [InO6]∞ octahedra chains Linked by TaO6  octahedra into a threedimensional network. The volumes of the InO6 and TaO6 octahedra in InTaO4 are 13.601 and 10.648Å 3, respectively. Because the ionic radius of Ni2+ (0.78 Å is much smaller than that of In3+ (0.92 Å,substituting In3+ by Ni2+ should reduce the volume of the InO6 octahedra, and hence the cell volume in InTaO4  This should in turn affect the direct metal-metal bonding in the crystal, with the In-In distance shortened, resulting in profound alterations of the electronic properties of the compounds.
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hillatmsu

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syy911: 金币+30, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 非常感谢! 2013-01-26 19:10:00
使用氧化物半导体对水进行光催化裂解是通过吸收光子诱发的,被吸收的光子能在材料的能带隙中产生分离的电子和空穴。如果这个反应的电势差超过1.23V,这些电荷迁移到了半导体颗粒的表面就能和水进行反应,因为水的标准电势E0是1.23V(标准氢电级,SHE,pH=0)。
我们在这个反应中使用的氧化物半导体是InTaO4,它具有单斜晶黑钨矿的晶体结构,空间群P2/a。这种结构如图(la 和 b)所示,一个晶胞单元中包含TaO6和InO6八面体。沿[100]方向InO6八面体共用边线形成锯齿状,而单个InO6和八面体链通过TaO6连接形成一个三维的网络结构。在InTaO4中,InO6和TaO6的体积分别为13.601和10.648立方埃米。因为Ni2+的离子半径(0.78埃)比In3+(0.92埃)小得多,所以通过Ni2+取代In3+可以减少InO6八面体的体积,进而减少InTaO4的晶胞体积,相应的这种变化会影响到晶体中的金属键长,例如:In-In键缩短,这将导致化合物的电子性质发生重大改变。
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2楼2013-01-25 23:36:03
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