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[×ÊÔ´] Self-Organized Morphology in Nanostructured Materials, 2008

Contents
1 Organic Crystalline Nanofibers
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Growth of Ultrathin Films: Molecular Orientation Control . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Needle Films on Dedicated Templates: Mutual Orientation
and Morphology Control of Nanoaggregates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.1 Plain Mica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.2 Au-Modified Mica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.3Water-Treated Mica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4 Selected Applications in Nano- and Microoptics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Summary and Outlook: Future Devices From Organic Nanofibers . . . 14
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 Titanium-Based Molecular Architectures Formed
by Self-Assembled Reactions
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.1 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2 Formation of Molecular Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Molecular Architectures Accompanied
by Radical Induced C¨CC Coupling Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4 Molecular Architectures Based on C¨CC Coupling Reactions
Initiated by C¨CH Bond Activation Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.5 Conclusion and Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 Self-Assemblies of Organic and Inorganic Materials
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.2 Structure of Colloidal Self-Assemblies Made of Surfactants
and Used as Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.3 Production of Nanocrystals by Using Colloidal Solutions
as Templates and Their Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.4 Self-Organization of Nanocrystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.5 Colloidal Nanolithography by Using Nanocrystals Organized
in a Given Structure as Masks [83]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4 Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Rings
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.2 Experimental Formation of Nanoparticle Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.2.1 Spreading of Polymer Solution on Water Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.2.2 HDA Pancake Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.2.3 CoPt3 Nanoparticle Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.3 Model for the Formation of HDA Pancakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.3.1 Phase Separation of Binary Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.3.2 Rupture of Thin HDA Film into Micrometer-Size Pancakes . . . 78
4.4 Formation of a Nanoparticle Ring at the Edge
of an HDA Pancake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.4.1 Pinning of an HDA Micrometer-Size Pancake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
4.4.2 Forces Acting on the Nanoparticle Located
in the Interior of Pancake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
4.4.3 Forces Acting on the Nanoparticle Located
at the Edge of Pancake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5 Patterns of Nanodroplets: The Belousov¨CZhabotinsky-
Aerosol OT-Microemulsion System
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
5.2 The BZ-AOT System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.2.1 The BZ Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5.2.2 AOT Microemulsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.2.3 The BZ-AOT System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
5.3 Experimental Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
5.3.1 Experimental Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
5.3.2 Turing Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
5.3.3 Patterns Associated with a Fast-Diffusing Activator . . . . . . . . . . 97
5.3.4 Complex Patterns ¨C Dashes and Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
5.3.5 Localized Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
5.4 Theoretical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.5 Constructing a Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
5.5.1 Linear Stability Analysis and Types of Bifurcations . . . . . . . . . . 106
5.5.2 Results of Numerical Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
5.6 Conclusion and Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
6 Honeycomb Carbon Networks: Preparation, Structure,
and Transport
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
6.2 Experimental Formation of Polymer Honeycomb Structures . . . . . . . . 118
6.2.1 Spreading of One Liquid on Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.2.2 Production of Polymer Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
6.2.3 Structural Forms of Nitrocellulose Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6.2.4 Structural Forms of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)
and Poly (3-octylthiophene) Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
6.3 Model for the Formation of Honeycomb Structures
in Polymer Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6.3.1Water Droplet on the Fluid Polymer Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
6.4 Nitrocellulose Networks as Precursor for Carbon Networks . . . . . . . . . 132
6.4.1 Temperature Dependence of Hopping Transport
in Carbon Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6.4.2 Electrical Field Dependence of Hopping Transport
in Carbon Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
6.5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
7 Chemical Waves in Living Cells
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7.2 Waves of Metabolic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
7.3 Calcium Signaling Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
7.4 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169
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