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£¨´óÁ¬Íâ¹úÓïѧԺӦÓÃÓ¢ÓïѧԺ ÇüÎÄÉú£© µÚÒ»²¿·Ö °¸Àýͨ³£ÓÉÏÂÁм¸¸ö²¿·Ö×é³É¡£ Ò»¡¢°¸ÀýÃû³Æ£¨Case Name£©£»ÀýÈ磺Marbury v. Madison £¨Âí²®ÀïËßÂóµÏÑ·£©, v is short for versus.ÊÇ¡°Ëß¡±µÄÒâ˼¡£ ¶þ¡¢Åоö·¨Ôº£¨Court rendering the opinion£©£»ÀýÈ磺New Jersey Supreme Court (ÐÂÔóÎ÷×î¸ß·¨Ôº)¡£ Èý¡¢¾í×ںţ»°¸ºÅ£¨Citation£©£»ÀýÈ磺93 N.J324, 461 A. 2d 138 (1983)£¬Õâ˵Ã÷¸Ã°¸³ö×Ô¡¶ÐÂÎ÷»ã±à¡·µÚ93¾í£¬µÚ324Ò³£¬ÒÔ¼°¡¶´óÎ÷Ñó»ã±à¡·µÚ¶þ¼µÚ138Ò³£¬¸Ã°¸ÅоöÓÚ1983Äê¡£´Ë´¦£¬A ÊÇAtlantic ReporterµÄËõд¡£ÏñÕâÖÖÖ¸Ã÷Á½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϳö´¦µÄ¾í×ںŽÐ×÷£º¡°Æ½Ðоí×ں𱣬ÆäÓ¢Óï±í´ïΪ¡°parallel citation¡±£¬Òâ˼ÊÇ¡°An additional reference to a case that has been reported in more than more reporter.¡±¹ãÒåÉϾí×ںŰüÀ¨ÉÏÊöÒ»¡¢°¸ÀýÃû³Æ£»¶þ¡¢Åоö·¨Ôº¡£ ËÄ¡¢Ö÷É󷨹ÙÐÕÃû£¨Justice wrote the opinion£©¡£ Îå¡¢ÅоöÊé £¨opinion: stating the issue raised, describing the parties and facts, discussing the relevant law, and rendering judgment.£©ÅоöÊéÊÇÕû¸ö°¸ÀýµÄÖ÷Ì岿·Ö£¬ÆäÖаüÀ¨·¨ÂÉÕùÒ飨Issue£©¡¢Ë«·½µ±ÊÂÈËÇé¿ö¡¢ÊÂʵ¾¹ý¡¢Åоö²ÉÓõÄÏà¹Ø·¨ÂÉÒÔ¼°Åоö½á¹û¡£ ÅоöÊéµÄÔĶÁ¹ý³ÌÖ®ÖУ¬Òª×¢ÒâÒÔϼ¸µã£º1. ʱ̬Ö÷É󷨹ٵÄÒâ¼ûÓÃÏÖÔÚʱ̬£»Ç°Éó·¨ÔºµÄÒâ¼ûÓùýȥʱ̬¡£2. Ö÷É󷨹ٵÄÒâ¼ûÊÇ·¨ÔºÒâ¼û¡£3³ý·¨ÔºÒâ¼ûÍ⻹ÓÐÁ½ÖÖÒâ¼û£¬ËüÃDZ»³ÆÎª¡°·´ÔÒâ¼?font face="Arial">¡±£¨dissenting opinion or dissent£©Óë¡°ÅäºÏÒâ¼û¡±£¨concurring opinion£©¡£Dissenting opinion: opinion offered by a judge disagreeing with the majority panel of judges¡¯ conclusion; ¡°·´¶ÔÒâ¼û¡±Ö¸²»Í¬Òâ´ó¶àÊý·¨¹ÙÅоö½áÂÛ֮ijһ·¨¹ÙµÄÒâ¼û£»Concurring opinion: opinion written by a judge agreeing with the majority¡¯s conclusion but not its reasoning. ¡°ÅäºÏÒâ¼û¡±ÊÇָͬÒâ´ó¶àÊý·¨¹ÙµÄÒâ¼û£¬µ«ÊDz»Í¬ÒâÅоö½áÂÛµÄÍÆÀí֮ijһ·¨¹ÙµÄÒâ¼û¡£ Áù¡¢·¨Í¥Í¶Æ±£¨Votes of the court£©ÀýÈçÔÚÆßÃû´ó·¨¹ÙÉóÀíµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Óм¸Ãû·¨¹ÙµÄÒâ¼ûÊÇ¡°Î¬³ÖÔÅС±£¨affirmance£©£¬Óм¸Ãû·¨¹ÙµÄÒâ¼ûÊÇ¡°³·ÏúÔÅС¢·¢»ØÖØÉó¡±£¨reversal and remandment£©¡£ µÚ¶þ²¿·Ö Ò»¡¢Ê²Ã´ÊÇcitation? ÓÉÓÚ¾í×ÚºÅÕâÒ»¿éÉæ¼°ÄÚÈÝÅÓÔÓ£¬ÕâÀïÔÙÖðÒ»ÌØ±ð˵Ã÷һϡ£ÎÒÃÇÊ×ÏÈÀ´¿´Ò»Ï¡¶²¼À³¿Ë·¨ÂÉ×ֵ䡷ÖÐcitationµÄ¶¨Ò壺A reference to a legal precedent or authority, such as a case, statute, or treatise, that either substantiates or contradicts a given position. (p.237) 7th edition. ÓÉÓÚa citation is a reference to a legal authority£¬Òò´Ë£¬citation±ØÐëÒªÓÐÒ»¸ö±ê×¼£¬ÕâÑùÒÔºóµÄ²Î¿¼Õß²ÅÈÝÒ×¼ìË÷µÃµ½¡£ÕýÈç¡¶²¼À³¿Ë·¨ÂÉ×ֵ䡷ËùÖ¸³öµÄÒ»Ñù£¬Citation formats exist for many different types of legal sources including cases, statutes and secondary legal materials. Understanding the basic format for each of these different types of sources will enable the researcher to more independently locate materials in the law library. °¸ÀýÖ®Öеľí×ÚºÅͨ³£°üÀ¨ÏÂÁм¸¸ö²¿·Ö£º a. °¸¼þË«·½µ±ÊÂÈËÐÕÃû£¨the names of the parties involved in the lawsuit£©£» b. °üº¬°¸¼þÈ«ÎĵĻã±à¾íºÅ£¨ the volume number of the reporter containing the full text of the case£©£» c. ¸Ã°¸Àý»ã±àµÄËõдÃû³Æ£¨the abbreviated name of that case reporter£©£» d. °¸Àý¿ªÊ¼µÄÒ³ÂëÊý£¨the page number on which the case begins£©£» e. °¸¼þÅоöÄê·Ý£¨the year the case was decided£©£»ÓÐʱ»¹°üÀ¨ f. °¸¼þÅоö·¨Ôº£¨the name of the court deciding the case£©¡£ ¾ÙÀý˵Ã÷: Hebb v. Severson, 201 P.2d 156 (Wash. 1948). ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×Óµ±ÖУ¬HebbÊÇԸ棨plaintiff£©£¬Severson ÊDZ»¸æ£¨defendant£©¡£ ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¡¶Ì«Æ½Ñó»ã±à¡·µÚ¶þ¼201¾íµÚ156Ò³£¨volume 201 of the Pacific Reporter Second Series beginning on page 156£©ÕÒµ½ÕâÒ»°¸Àý¡£¸Ã°¸ÊÇÓÉ»ªÊ¢¶ÙÖÝ×î¸ß·¨Ôº£¨Washington State Supreme Court£©ÓÚ1948ÄêÅоöµÄ¡£ ¶þ¡¢ ÈçºÎÔĶÁ°¸Àý£¨cases£©Ö®ÖеÄcitation? È·¶¨¾í×ÚºÅÖ®ÖеÄËõÂÔÂë¡£Çë¶ÔÕÕÏÂÁÐÁÐ±í£¬ÕÒ³öËõÂÔÂ루abbreviation£©µÄ»ã±àÈ«³Æ£¨full reporter title£©. Abbreviation Title ººÓï»ã±àÃû³Æ A. Atlantic Reporter ´óÎ÷Ñó»ã±à A. 2d. Atlantic Reporter, 2d Series ´óÎ÷Ñó»ã±àµÚ¶þ¼ Cal. Rep. California Reporter ¼ÓÀû¸£ÄáÑÇÖÝ»ã±à F. Federal Reporter Áª°î»ã±à F. 2d. Federal Reporter, 2d Series Áª°î»ã±àµÚ¶þ¼ F. 3d. Federal Reporter, 3d Series Áª°î»ã±àµÚÈý¼ F. Supp. Federal Supplement Áª°î²¹³ä°¸Àý L. Ed. U.S. Supreme Court Decisions, Lawyers¡¯ Edition ÃÀ¹ú×î¸ß·¨Ôº°¸Àý»ã±à£¬ÂÉʦ°æ L. Ed. 2d. U.S. Supreme Court Decisions, Lawyers Edition, 2d Series ÃÀ¹ú×î¸ß·¨Ôº°¸Àý»ã±à£¬ÂÉʦ°æµÚ¶þ¼ N. E. Northeastern Reporter ¶«±±»ã±à N. E. 2d. Northeastern Reporter, 2d Series ¶«±±»ã±àµÚ¶þ¼ N. W. Northwestern Reporter Î÷±±»ã±à N. W. 2d. Northwestern Reporter, 2d Series Î÷±±»ã±àµÚ¶þ¼ N. Y. S. New York Supplement ŦԼ²¹³ä°¸Àý N. Y. S. 2d. New York Supplement, 2d Series ŦԼ²¹³ä°¸ÀýµÚ¶þ¼ P. Pacific Reporter ̫ƽÑó»ã±à P. 2d. Pacific Reporter, 2d Series ̫ƽÑó»ã±àµÚ¶þ¼ S. Ct. Supreme Court Reporter ×î¸ß·¨Ôº°¸Àý»ã±à S. E. Southeastern Reporter ¶«ÄÏ»ã±à S. E. 2d. Southeastern Reporter, 2d Series ¶«ÄÏ»ã±àµÚ¶þ¼ So. Southern Reporter ÄÏ·½»ã±à So. 2d. Southern Reporter, 2d Series ÄÏ·½»ã±àµÚ¶þ¼ S. W. Southwestern Reporter Î÷ÄÏ»ã±à S. W. 2d. Southwestern Reporter, 2d Series Î÷ÄÏ»ã±àµÚ¶þ¼ U. S. United States Reports ÃÀ¹ú°¸Àý»ã±à ÔÙ¾ÙÁ½Àý˵Ã÷£¬ÀýÈ磺Morgan v. United States, 298 U.S.468, 56 S. Ct 906, 80L.Ed. 1288 (1936) ±íʾ£ºÄ¦¸ùËßÃÀ¹ú£¬ÊÕ¼¯ÔÚÃÀ¹ú°¸Àý»ã±àµÚ298¾í£¬468Ò³¿ªÊ¼£»×î¸ß·¨Ôº°¸Àý»ã±àµÚ56¾í906Ò³¿ªÊ¼£»ÃÀ¹ú×î¸ß·¨Ôº°¸Àý»ã±àÂÉʦ°æµÚ80¾í£¬1288Ò³¿ªÊ¼£¬1936ÄêÅоö¡£ For example, a popular name for a Supreme Court case is: Roe v. Wade Which translates as Plaintiff versus Defendant Ô¸æ ÂÞ Ëß ±»¸æÎºµÂ The official citation for this Supreme Court decision is: 410 U.S. 113 Which translates as Volume 410 United Stated Reports Page 113 410¾í ÃÀ¹ú°¸Àý»ã±à 113Ò³ There are several different publishers for legal documents such as court decisions. (Libraries usually only carry one of these published versions.) These publishers may be referred to in parallel citations for this case. ÀýÈ磬¸Ã°¸µÄƽÐлã±àÊÇ£º 93 S. Ct. 705 Which translates as Volume 93 Supreme Court Reporter Page 705 µÚ93¾í ×î¸ß·¨Ôº°¸Àý»ã±à 705Ò³ Or 35 L. Ed. 2d 147 Which translates as Volume 35 U.S. Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers Edition, 2nd Series Page 147 µÚ35¾í ÃÀ¹ú×î¸ß·¨Ôº°¸Àý»ã±àÂÉʦ°æµÚ¶þ¼ 147Ò³ ¸Ã°¸ÍêÕûµÄ¾í×ںţ¨full citation£©¾ÍÊÇ£º Roe v. Wade 410 U.S. 113 93 S. Ct. 705 35 L. Ed. 2d.147 1972 Case name Official citation Parallel citation parallel citation Date of opinion |
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