NMTÓÃÓÚÖ²ÎïÓªÑøÑо¿µÄ·½·¨ºÍÎÄÕÂ×ܽá
2012-11-29
Ö²ÎïÓªÑøÊÇÑо¿Ö²Îï¶ÔÓªÑøÎïÖʵÄÎüÊÕ¡¢ÔËÊ䣬ת»¯ºÍÀûÓõĹæÂɼ°Ö²ÎïÓëÍâ½ç»·¾³Ö®¼äÓªÑøÎïÖʺÍÄÜÁ¿½»»»µÄѧ¿Æ¡£Ä¿µÄÊÇÌá¸ß×÷Îï²úÁ¿ºÍ¸ÄÁ¼²úÆ·ÖÊÁ¿¡£Òò´ËÎÒÃÇÒª½â¾öÓªÑøÎïÖÊÔÚÖ²ÎïÄÚÍâµÄ·ÖÅäÎÊÌâ¡£
ÄÇô£¬Ö²ÎïµÄÓªÑøÎïÖÊÓÐÄÄЩ£¿·ÖΪ´óÁ¿ÔªËغÍ΢Á¿ÔªËØ£¬´óÁ¿ÔªËØÓУº N£¨µª£©¡¢P£¨Á×£©¡¢S£¨Áò£©¡¢K£¨¼Ø£©¡¢Ca£¨¸Æ£©¡¢Mg£¨Ã¾£©£¨³ýC¡¢H¡¢OÍ⣩£»Î¢Á¿ÔªËØÓУºB£¨Å𣩡¢Zn£¨Ð¿£©¡¢Mn£¨ÃÌ£©¡¢Fe£¨Ìú£©¡¢Cu£¨Í£©¡¢Mo£¨î⣩¡¢Cl£¨ÂÈ£©¡£Ö²ÎïÒªÎüÊÕÕâЩԪËØ£¬ÕâЩԪËØÔÚÐèÒªÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖÐÒÔÀë×ÓÐÎ̬´æÔÚ£¬Òò´Ë£¬Ö²ÎïËùÎüÊÕµÄÓªÑøÀë×ÓÓУºNH4+¡¢NO3-¡¢NO2-¡¢H+¡¢K+¡¢HPO42-¡¢HCO3-¡¢Ca2+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Zn2+¡¢Mn2+¡¢Fe2+¡¢Fe3+¡¢Cu2+¡¢Mo2+¡¢Cl-¡£
ÕâЩÀë×ÓÓÃʲô·½·¨²â¶¨²ÅÄÜ·´Ó³Ö²Îï¶ÔËûÃǵÄÎüÊÕ?Ö±½Ó²â¶¨Àë×ӵķ½·¨²»¶à£¬ÓÈÆäÊDzⶨ»îÌåÖ²ÎïµÄÓªÑøÎüÊÕ¡£´«Í³·½·¨²â¶¨µÄÊÇÔªËØ£¬¶ø·ÇÔÚË®ÈÜҺ״̬ϵÄÀë×Ó¡£·ÇËðÉË΢²â¼¼Êõ£¨NMT£©Äܹ»²â¶¨»îÌåÖ²Îï¸ù²¿ÎüÊÕµÄNH4+¡¢NO3-¡¢H+¡¢K+¡¢Ca2+ºÍMg2+£¬ÕâΪÎÒÃÇÑо¿»îÌåÖ²ÎïµÄÓªÑøÎüÊÕÌṩÁË×î¼ÑµÄÊֶΡ£
Ò»£® NMTÑо¿Ö²ÎïÓªÑøµÄ·½·¨
1£® ×¼±¸ºÃÒª²â¶¨µÄ²ÄÁÏ¡£
2£® Éè¼ÆʵÑé¡£
3£® Ñ¡ÔñÒª²â¶¨µÄ²¿Î»£¬ÀýÈç¸ù£¨¸ùµÄ²»Í¬²¿Î»£º·ÖÉúÇø¡¢É쳤Çø¡¢¸ùëÇøºÍ³ÉÊìÇø£©¡£
4£® Ñ¡ÔñºÃ²â¶¨µÄÈÜÒº£¬¼´Ö²Îï¸ù²¿ÖÜΧµÄÓªÑøÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È¡£
5£® Ñ¡ÔñºÃ²â¶¨µÄ²ÄÁϵÄʱÆÚ£¬²â¶¨µÄ²ÄÁϵĴóС¡£
6£® Ñ¡ÔñºÃÍâ½çµÄ´¦Àí»òÕ߲ⶨµÄÖÜÆÚ¡£
7£® Á¬Ðø²â¶¨Ò»¶¨Ê±¼ä£¬»ñµÃÎȶ¨µÄÀë×ÓÁ÷ËÙ¼´¿É¡£
¶þ£® NMTÑо¿Ö²ÎïÓªÑøµÄÉèÏë
1£® Ñо¿Ö²ÎïÓªÑøÉúÀíѧ£¬»æÖÆ»îÌåÖ²ÎïµÄÓªÑøÎüÊÕÇúÏß¡£
2£® Ñо¿Ö²Îï¸ù¼ÊÓªÑø×´¿ö£¬Á˽âÖ²Îï¸ù²¿¶ÔÓ°ÏìµÄÎüÊÕÇé¿ö¡£
3£® Ñо¿Ö²ÎïÓªÑøÒÅ´«¸ÄÁ¼µÄЧ¹û£¬Ö¤ÊµÓªÑøÎüÊÕ¸ßЧÐÔ»ùÒòµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÀýÈçÏõËáÑÎתÔ˵°°×¡£
4£® Ñо¿Ö²ÎïÓªÑø»·¾³£¬Á˽⻷¾³Òò×Ó¶ÔÖ²ÎïÓªÑøÎüÊÕµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
5£® Ñо¿Ö²ÎïµÄÍÁÈÀÓªÑø£¬Á˽ⲻͬµÄÍÁÖÊ£¬ÀýÈçËá¼î¶ÈµÈ¶ÔÖ²ÎïÓªÑøÎüÊÕµÄÓ°Ïì¡£
6£® Ñо¿·ÊÁϵÄÎüÊÕÓë×÷ÓûúÀí£¬Í¨¹ý²â¶¨Ê©·ÊÇ°ºóijЩӪÑøÎïÖʵÄÎüÊÕÇé¿ö£¬À´ÅжϷÊÁ϶ÔÓªÑøÎüÊյĴٽø×÷Ó㬽ø¶øÑо¿·ÊÁÏÔö²úµÄ»úÀíÒÔ¼°ÅжϷÊÁϵÄЧ¹û¡£
7£® Ñо¿Ö²ÎïÓë΢ÉúÎïÏ໥×÷ÓÃÌá¸ßÖ²ÎïµÄÓªÑøÎüÊÕ£¬ÀýÈç¾ú¸ù»¯µÄÑо¿¡£
8£® Ñо¿²»Í¬ÓªÑøÎïÖÊÖ®¼äµÄ¾ºÕù¹Øϵ£¬ÀýÈçÖ²Îï¶ÔK+ºÍNH4+µÄ¾ºÕùÐÔÎüÊÕ¡£
Èý£® NMTÔÚÖ²ÎïÓªÑøÑо¿ÖÐÓªÑøµÄÎÄÕÂ
1. Ö²Îï¶ÔÁ×£¨P£©µÄ·´Ó¦ÒÔ¼°PµÄ×÷ÓûúÀí
PÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄÓªÑøÎïÖÊ£¬PµÄÎüÊÕÊܵ½ºÜ¶àÒòËصÄÓ°Ï죬Ҳ¿ÉÒÔºÍAl3+¹²Í¬×÷ÓÃÌá¸ßÖ²Îï¶ÔAl3+µÄÄÍÐÔ¡£
2011Ä꣬ÖйúÅ©Òµ´óѧµÄ·ë¹ÌʵÑéÊÒ°Ñ´ÔÖ¦¾ú¸ùÕæ¾ú£¨GM£©ºÍÂýÉú´ó¶¹¸ùÁö¾ú£¨BJ£©×¢Éäµ½´ó¶¹ÃçÖУ¬Í¨¹ý·ÇËðÉË΢²â¼¼ÊõÑо¿ÁËÁ½ÖÖÕæ¾úµ¥¶ÀµÄ×÷ÓúÍÏ໥×÷ÓöԸùÁö»òÕ߸ùÍâ¾úË¿µÄH+ÍâÁ÷¡£GM°ÑÕæ¾ú¾ú¸ù²à¸ù¸ùÁöµÄH+ÍâÁ÷Ìá¸ßÁË3±¶£¬BJ°Ñ²à¸ù½Ó½ü¸ùÁö²¿Î»¾úË¿µÄH+ÍâÁ÷Ìá¸ßÁË8±¶¡£Ö²ÎïPº¬Á¿µÄÔö¼ÓÓë¸ùÁöºÍ¾úË¿µÄH+ÍâÁ÷³ÊÏÔÖøµÄÏßÐÔÕýÏà¹Ø¡£Ñо¿½á¹ûÈÏΪ²à¸ùAMÕæ¾úÓÕµ¼Á˹̵ªÃ¸µÄ»îÐÔ£¬Ôö¼ÓÁ˸ùÁöµÄH+ÍâÁ÷¡£
ÁíÍ⣬ÉòÈÊ·¼ÊµÑéÊÒ·¢ÏÖP¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ßÂÁµÄÄÍÐÔ£¬P¿ÉÒÔºÍAl3+¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÉúÏ໥×÷Óã¬Í¬ÑùÒ²¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý·ÇËðÉË΢²â¼¼ÊõÑо¿H+µÄÁ÷ËÙÈ¥½âÊÍÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º
Ding XD, et al. Mycorrhiza, 2011 Apr 15.
Sun QB, et al. Annals of Botany, 2008, 102: 795-804.
Chen RF, et al. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Article first published online: 4 AUG 2011, DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4566
2. ×÷ÎïÑø·ÖÎüÊÕµÄÀûÓûúÀíÑо¿
Ö²Îï¶ÔÓªÑøÖ±½ÓÎüÊÕºÍÀûÓõķ½Ê½Ö÷ÒªÊÇͨ¹ýÎÞ»úÀë×Ó£¬ÈçK+¡¢NH4+ºÍNO3-µÈÎüÊÕ£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÖ±½Ó²â¶¨Õ⼸ÖÖÖ÷ÒªµÄÎÞ»úÀë×ÓµÄÎüÊÕËÙÂÊÀ´ÅжÏÕâÖÖÖ²ÎïÊÇ·ñÊÇÓªÑø¸ßЧÐ͵Ä×÷Îï¡£ÁíÍ⣬¸ù¼ÊµÄpHÓ°ÏìÖ²ÎïÓªÑøµÄÎüÊպͻýÀÛ£¬Ò²Ó°Ïì΢ÉúÎïµÄ»îÐÔ£¬¿ó»¯µÄËÙÂÊ£¬Àë×ӵĽ»»»¡£°ûÍâµÄpHÓ°ÏìÖÊĤºÍÖÜΧ»·¾³Ö®¼äµÄµçÊƲ½ø¶øÓ°Ïìϸ°ûĤÉÏH+-ATPaseµÄÊýÁ¿ºÍ»îÐÔ£¬ÕâЩ½«»áÓ°Ïìµ½ÎÞ»úµªµÄÔËÊä¡£NH4+ºÍNO3-תÔ˵ĻúÖÆÔÚ²»Í¬pHÌõ¼þϲ»Í¬£¬Ä¿Ç°µÄÄ£ÐÍÈÏΪµªµÄÎüÊÕͨ¹ýµÍÇ׺ÍתÔËϵͳ£¨LATS£©ºÍ¸ßÇ׺ÍתÔËϵͳ£¨HATS£©£¬ÕâÁ½¸öתÔËϵͳÓëÖÊ×ÓÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø¡£
2010Ä꣬¼ÓÄôóµÄ¿Æѧ¼ÒBarbara J. HawkinsʹÓ÷ÇËðÉË΢²â¼¼ÊõÑо¿ÁËÕëÒ¶Ê÷ºÍ´ó¶¹¸ù²¿NH4+ºÍNO3-ÔÚpHÓ°ÏìϵÄÎüÊÕ¹ý³Ì¡£Ôڴ󶹺ÍŤҶËÉÖУ¬pH7ʱÖÊ×ÓÍâÁ÷£¬µ«ÊÇpH4ʱÖÊ×ÓÄÚÁ÷¡£»¨ÆìËɸù¼âºóÃ涼³öÏÖÖÊ×ÓÍâÁ÷£¬»¨ÆìËÉÄܹ»ÔÚµÍpHϱ£³ÖNH4+µÄÎüÊÕ£¬¿ÉÄÜÓë±£³ÖÖÊ×ÓµÄÍâÁ÷Ïà¹Ø£¬ÕâÖÖÖÊ×ÓÍâÁ÷ʹֲÎïÄܸüºÃµØÊÊÓ¦ËáÐÔÍÁÈÀ¡£ÔÚÕâÈýÖÖ²ÄÁÏÖУ¬NO3-µÄÎüÊÕÔÚÖÐÐÔpHÏÂ×î´ó£¬ÌرðÊÇÔڸߵªÖУ¬Òò´Ë£¬µªÅ¨¶ÈÊǾö¶¨ÔÚºÏÊʵÄpHʱµªÎüÊÕµÄÖ÷ÒªÒòËØ¡£ÕâÖÖÀë×ÓÁ÷µÄ½á¹ûÌṩÁ˵ªËØÔÚ¿Õ¼äºÍʱ¼äÉÏÎüÊÕµÄģʽ£¬ËµÃ÷ÁËÖ²Îï¾ßÓв»Í¬µÄÓªÑøÎüÊÕ»úÖÆ¡£
Hawkins BJ and Robbins S. Physiologia Plantarum, 2010, 138: 238-247.
3. ¸ß臨¾º¦µÄ»úÀí
2010Ä꣬ÖпÆÔºÄϾ©ÍÁÈÀËùµÄÊ©ÎÀÃ÷ʵÑéÊÒʹÓ÷ÇËðÉË΢²â¼¼ÊõÑо¿Á˸߰·¶¾º¦µÄ»úÀí¡£·¢Ïָ߰·ÒÖÖƳõÉú¸ùµÄÉú³¤£¬¹Ø¼üÊÇÒÖÖÆÁËϸ°û·ÖÁÑ£¬µ«ÊÇÔÀ´µÄϸ°û»¹¿ÉÒÔÉ쳤¡£·¢ÏÖÌá¸ßÍâ½çNH4+Ũ¶È´Ì¼¤ÁËÉ쳤ÇøNH4+µÄ´óÁ¿ÍâÁ÷£¬Í¬Ê±¸ùµÄÉ쳤ҲÊܵ½ÒÖÖÆ¡£ÕâÖÖNH4+µÄÍâÁ÷ÔÚ³¬Ãô¸ÐÍ»±äÌåvtc1-1ÖиüÏÔÖø£¬ÔÚGMPaseµÄÍ»±äÌåÖÐȱ·¦£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÏÞÖÆ¿çĤµÄNH4+Á÷ºÍGMPaseµÄ¹¦ÄÜÄܹ»ÏÔÖø½µµÍÄâÄϽæ¶ÔNH4+¶¾ÐԵķ´Ó¦¡£ ÕâÏ×÷ΪֲÎïµÄï§Ñζ¾º¦ÌṩÁËÀíÂÛ½âÊÍ£¬¶ÔÀí½âÓªÑøÎüÊÕºÍÆäËû·ÇÉúÎïвÆÈÓзdz£ÖØÒªµÄ²Î¿¼¼ÛÖµ¡£
Li Q, et al. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2010, 33: 1529-1542.
4. ²»Í¬µªÔ´¶ÔÕëÒ¶Ê÷¸ù²»Í¬²¿Î»ï§¡¢ÏõËáÑκÍÖÊ×ÓÎüÊÕµÄÓ°Ïì
Ö²Îï¸ùµÄ½á¹¹Ó°ÏìÆäÀë×ÓºÍË®·ÖµÄÎüÊÕ£¬²»Í¬µÄµªÔ´Ò²Ó°ÏìÖ²ÎïµÄÓªÑøÎüÊÕ¡£»¨ÆìËɺÍÃÀ¹úºÚËÉÊÇÖØÒªµÄ¾¼ÃÊ÷ÖÖ£¬Í¨¹ý¼ì²âÆäÓ×Ãç¸ù²¿µÄNH4+ºÍNO3-£¬¿ÉÁ˽âÕëÒ¶Ê÷¶ÔÓªÑøµÄÎüÊÕÇé¿ö¡£
¼ÓÄôóµÄ¿Æѧ¼ÒHawkinsÓ¦Ó÷ÇËðÉË΢²â¼¼Êõ¼ì²âµ½»¨ÆìËɺÍÃÀ¹úºÚËÉÓ×Ãç¸ùÖÐNH4+¡¢NO3-¡¢H+´æÔÚÏÔÖøµÄ·½Ïò±ä»¯¡£ÔÚ²»º¬NµÄÈÜÒºÖжԸù½øÐÐÔ¤´¦Àí£¬»¨ÆìËÉÎÞÂÛÊÇNO3-¡¢NH4+µÄÎüÊÕ£¬»¹ÊÇH+µÄÍâÅžù´óÓÚÃÀ¹úºÚËÉ¡£²»¹ÜÔÚ»·¾³ÖÐÓÐÎÞNO3-£¬NH4+µÄÎüÊÕËÙÂʾùÏàͬ¡£·Ö±ðÔھ໨ÆìËɺÍÃÀ¹úºÚËɸù¼â0-30mmºÍ0-10mm´¦³öÏÖ×î´óµÄNO3-ÄÚÁ÷¡£»¨ÆìËɸù¶¥µã´¦NH4+Á÷ΪÁã»ò¸ºÖµ£¨ÍâÅÅ£©£¬Àë¸ù¶¥µã5-20mm´¦NH4+ÎüÊÕ×î´ó¡£ÃÀ¹úºÚËÉÔÚ¸ù¶¥µãÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄNH4+ÎüÊÕ£¬¶ø×î´óµÄÎüÊÕ³öÏÖÔÚÀë¸ù¶¥µã5mm´¦¡£ÔÚÁ½ÀàÖ²Îï¸ùµÄ10mm´¦¾ù³öÏÖ×î´óµÄH+ÍâÁ÷¡£
±¾Ñо¿ËµÃ÷ÕëÒ¶Ê÷¸ù²»Í¬ÇøÓòµÄÓªÑøÎüÊÕÓкܴó²î±ð£¬Àë×ÓÁ÷×´¿öÊܸùµÄÉú³¤ºÍ³ÉÊìËÙÂʵÄÓ°Ïì¡£±¾Ñо¿ÎªÃ¿¸öÎïÖÖµÄÆðÔ´ÊÕ¼¯ÁËÊý¾Ý£¬È»¶øÒ°ÉúÐ͵ÄÕëÒ¶Ê÷ÖÖ×Óͨ ³£±íÏÖ³ö¸ß¶ÈµÄÒÅ´«±äÒìÐÔ£¬ÒѾÓÐÖ¤¾Ý±íÃ÷£¬ÔÚÕëÒ¶Ê÷¼Ò×åÖеªÎüÊÕËÙÂÊ´æÔÚÏÔÖø²îÒì¡£ÕâÖÖÀë×ÓÁ÷µÄͼÆ×ΪÎÒÃÇÈÏʶƷÖֵIJîÒìÌṩÁËÖ±¹ÛµÄÊý¾Ý£¬Àë×ÓÁ÷µÄ²î ÒìºÍϸ°ûµÄ·Ö»¯¡¢É쳤¡¢³ÉÊìºÍ±íƤµÄËÀÍöÓйء£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º Hawkins BJ, et al. Plant,CellandEnvironment, 2008, 31:278-287.
5. ´óÂóºÍÄâÄϽæ¸ù²¿NH4+ÓëK+ÎüÊÕÖ®¼äµÄ¾ºÕù¹Øϵ
NH4+ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄµªÔ´£¬Ö²Îï´ÓÍÁÈÀÖÐͨ¹ý·´Ïõ»¯×÷ÓÃÎüÊÕ»òÕßÖ±½ÓÎüÊÕ¡£Ö²ÎïÄܹ»ÀûÓÃNH4+×÷ΪΨһµÄµªÔ´£¬µ«ÊǸù²¿´¦ÓÚ¸ßNH4+Ìõ¼þÏ£¬K+µÄÀûÓÃÂʺܵͣ¬¸ßNH4+¶ÔÖ²ÎïµÄÉú³¤Ôì³ÉÁËÓ°Ïì¡£NH4+¶¾º¦µÄ¼Ù˵һ°ãÈÏΪÊÇNH4+µÄ»ýÀÛµ¼ÖÂÁËÀë×Ó²»Æ½ºâºÍ¼õÉÙÁ˹ؼüÑôÀë×ÓµÄÎüÊÕ¡£
ΪÁËÑо¿Çå³þK+תÔËÌåºÍ·ÇÑ¡ÔñÐÔÑôÀë×ÓͨµÀÓëK+/NH4+Ï໥×÷ÓõĹØϵ£¬Ê¹Ó÷ÇËðÉË΢²â¼¼Êõ²â¶¨ÁË´óÂóºÍÄâÄϽæ¸ù²¿µÄNH4+¡¢K+µÄ»ýÀÛÒÔ¼°NH4+¡¢K+ºÍH+µÄÁ÷ËÙ¡£K+ºÍNH4+µÄÁ÷ËٳʸºÏà¹Ø£¬ÎüÊÕʱËûÃDZíÏÖ³öÖ±½ÓµÄÏ໥¾ºÕù¡£K+תÔËÒÖÖƼÁTEA+ºÍGd3+´¦Àí¼õÉÙÁËNH4+µÄÄÚÁ÷£¬Ìí¼ÓTEA+»º½âÁËNH4+ÓÕµ¼µÄÄâÄϽæ¸ùÉú³¤µÄÒÖÖÆÇé¿ö¡£Í¨¹ýcDNAÎÄ¿âºÍȱ·¦NH4+ºÍK+ÎüÊÕµ°°×µÄ½Íĸͻ±äÌ壬·¢ÏÖHvHKT2;1¡¢AtAKT1ºÍAtHAK5תÔËNH4+¡£AtHAK5µÄÍ»±äÌåÎüÊÕµÄK+ÉÙÓÚHvHKT2;1ºÍAtAKT1ÎüÊÕµÄK+£¬ÕâЩÎüÊÕ±»Ôö¼ÓµÄNH4+ËùÒÖÖÆ¡£
ÕâÏîÑо¿±íÃ÷Ö²ÎïµÄK+תÔËÌåºÍͨµÀÄܹ»×ªÔËNH4+£¬Í¨¹ýתÔËÌåµ÷¿ØµÄNH4+ÎüÊÕ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÓÉÓÚÔÚµÍK+ˮƽNH4+¶¾ÐÔµÄ×÷Óýá¹û£¬Õâ¾Í½âÊÍNH4+µÄ¶¾ÐÔ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¸ü¶àµÄK+µÃµ½»º½âµÄ¼Ù˵¡£
²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£ºHoopen FT, et al. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2010, 61: 2303-2315. |