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jiayoulwy金虫 (正式写手)
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南苏丹戊肝疫情控制困难重重
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前言：安徽医科大附院再现砍医逆天事件，医疗环境形势愈发严峻，所有为人类健康伟大事业而奋斗的同行们，请君多珍重。。。 11月09日联合国难民署网站的发布了一篇戊肝疫情的报道：http://www.unhcr.org/509d084d9.html Stretched UNHCR faces difficulties containing hepatitis E outbreak in South Sudan 2012.11.09 The UNHCR [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees] on Friday [9 Nov 2012] warned that its capacity to contain an outbreak of hepatitis E among the refugee population in South Sudan was increasingly stretched at a time when funding for its emergency operation was depleted. "The risks will grow if, as currently anticipated, we see fresh inflows of refugees from South Kordofan and Blue Nile states in neighboring Sudan," spokesman Adrian Edwards added. Due to insecurity and worsening humanitarian conditions in South Kordofan and Blue Nile states, UNHCR staff on the ground expect thousands of new refugees to cross in the next weeks as roads become passable after the rainy season. UNHCR and its partners, including South Sudan's national health authorities, are already fighting an outbreak of hepatitis E in Upper Nile and Unity states, 2 regions where the disease is endemic and where175 000 Sudanese refugees have found shelter. "We have seen 1050 cases of hepatitis E in the refugee camps," said Edwards. "To date, 26 refugees have died in camps in Upper Nile. This is 10 more deaths since mid-September," he added. Hepatitis E virus is contracted and spread through consuming contaminated food and water.It damages the liver. Potentially fatal, the risk of infection is high in densely populated settings such as refugee camps. This is further exacerbated in the rainy season due to flooding and poor sanitation. Women and small children are the most vulnerable. Early diagnosis is also crucial for the survival of patients. Edwards said UNHCR was working with the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, which has sent 6 staff to test water and blood samples and conduct house-to-house interviews on hygiene practices. To counter the spread of the disease among the tens of thousands of Sudanese refugees in South Sudan, "We are promoting better hygiene practices through hundreds of trained community workers. In all camps this community outreach exercise includes active case finding," Edwards said. The refugee agency has also been working to improve the supply of clean water in the camps, as well as upgrade latrines and provide more washing stations and soap. These measures have helped to slow the spread of the disease. However, UNHCR is struggling to meet the minimum humanitarian standards such as the provision of 15 to 20 litres of safe drinking water per refugee per day or building enough latrines so that each unit is shared by no more than 20 refugees. Edwards stressed that UNHCR's South Sudan operation is seriously underfunded. "UNHCR needs a minimum of USD 20 million until the end of the year to keep up basic life-saving activities. Of our revised appeal for USD 186 million, only 40 per cent has been received so far.International NGOs also need additional funding beyond that amount to ensure that all activities can be carried out as needed," he stressed. 南苏丹戊肝疫情控制困难重重 联合国难民署，2012年11月09日 联合国难民署于11月9日发表声明称：应急处理的资金已经耗尽，我们对南苏丹难民群体中暴发的戊肝疫情的控制步履维艰。“按照目前的状况，预计形势将进一步恶化，苏丹周边South Kordofan和Blue Nile states的难民正不断涌入”发言人Adrian Edwards补充道。驻扎在当地的难民署工作人员认为，由于两地岌岌可危的安全状况及日益恶化的人道主义环境，预计在接下来的几周待雨季结束道路通畅后，将会有数以千计的难民涌入。在此之前，联合国难民署已经开始和包括南苏丹国家卫生局在内的机构合作，共同抗击在Upper Nile和Unity states爆发的戊肝疫情，使共计175,000难民入住临时避难所，而这两个地区都是戊肝的流行区。 “我们在难民营共发现1050例戊肝感染病例”Edwards 说道。“截至今日，位于Upper Nile的难民营中有26位难民死于戊肝，其中自九月中旬以来就新增了10个死亡病例”他补充说。 戊型肝炎病毒主要通过受污染的食物和水源传播。它能造成肝组织损伤。在难民营等人口密集的地方，传播的风险性非常高，且具有潜在的致命性；尤其是雨水季节，洪水多发且卫生条件差，传播风险更甚。 妇女和儿童最易感染戊肝病毒，早期的诊断对患者的存活也至关重要。Edwards称联合国难民署和美国疾控中心已经展开合作，派出6名工作人员对疫区的水样和血样进行检测，并逐户拜访进行卫生习惯教育。 为了遏制戊肝疫情在南苏丹成千上万难民中的蔓延，“我们动员了数百名训练有素的社区工作人员以改善当地居民的卫生习惯。在所有难民营区中，这一社区宣传计划包括主动上报新发戊肝病例。” Edwards说，难民署还致力于改善营区的饮用水供应情况，同时升级改造公共厕所，及提供更多的清洗设施和肥皂，这些举措对于延缓疫情传播有一定的作用。然而，联合国难民署所付诸的努力依然很难达到最低人道主义标准，如每人每天需获得15-20L安全饮用水，及平均不超过20人共用一座公共厕所。 Edwards强调，联合国难民署南苏丹救援中心资金严重匮乏。“到今年年末，仅维持最基本救援行动的经费至少也需要2000万美元。而我们申报的18600万美元救助金，截至目前只收到40%。同时国际非政府组织也需要额外的资金用于确保所有必要的援助行动能顺利展开”Edwards再次强调。 |
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