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[资源] 【ebook】Entropy and its physical meaning (2nd ed' 96)

Entropy and its physical meaning (2nd ed' 96)

Author(s) : DUGDALE J. S.
Publication date : 09-1996
Language : ENGLISH
198p. 16x24 Hardback

Comment
This  book gives a readily understood picture of entropy. The book first treats entropy from a historical, classical viewpoint with emphasis on the mode of thinking of the scientist who developed the concept. A statistical treatment then follows to give a more physical picture of entropy, relating it to disorder and showing how at low temperatures physical and chemical systems tend to states of order. This entails a brief account of some of the intriguing manifestations of order in such properties as superconductivity and superfluidity.

Description
Entropy in thermodynamics. Temperature and heat : some historical developments , a different approach. The first law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics. Entropy : how it is measured and how it is used. Entropy in irreversible changes. The statistical interpretation of entropy. The statistical approach : a specific example. General ideas and development : the definition of a microstate. Temperature and entropy in statistical mechanics. Application to solids. Application to gases : the classical approximation , Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac gases. Fluctuation and Maxwell's demon. Entropy at low temperatures. The third law of thermodynamics. Low temperatures. The third law of thermodynamics and the unattainability of absolute zero.

Subject areas covered:
Mathematics and physics / Thermodynamics

Table Of Contents

Preface  ix
PART ONE Entropy in thermodynamics  1 (64)
1 Temperature and heat: some historical developments
  3 (8)
The nature of heat
  5 (6)
2 Temperature and heat: a different approach
  11 (8)
The zeroth law of thermodynamics
  13 (1)
Equations of state
  14 (1)
The work done in thermodynamic processes: quasi-static changes
  14 (1)
Work in irreversible processes
  15 (1)
Exercises
  16 (3)
3 The first law of thermodynamics
  19 (8)
The internal energy - an analogy
  21 (1)
Atomic interpretation of internal energy
  22 (1)
The internal energy as a function of temperature and volume
  23 (1)
Exercises
  24 (3)
4 The second law of thermodynamics
  27 (12)
The behaviour of idealised heat engines
  28 (7)
The absolute scale of temperature
  35 (1)
The Carnot engine as a refrigerator
  36 (1)
Exercises
  36 (3)
5 Entropy: how it is measured and how it is used
  39 (18)
The definition of entropy
  39 (4)
The measurement of entropy
  43 (1)
Entropy-temperature diagrams
  44 (1)
The entropy of a perfect gas
  44 (2)
Entropy change and latent heat
  46 (2)
The central equation of thermodynamics
  48 (1)
Thermodynamic functions and their appropriate variables
  49 (2)
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation
  51 (2)
The Joule-Thomson effect
  53 (2)
Exercises
  55 (2)
6 Entropy in irreversible changes
  57 (8)
Heat flow
  57 (2)
Adiabatic processes which are irreversible
  59 (3)
Exercises
  62 (3)
PART TWO The statistical interpretation of entropy  65 (78)
7 The statistical approach: a specific example
  67 (12)
A specific example
  70 (8)
Exercises
  78 (1)
8 General ideas and development: the definition of a microstate
  79 (14)
More general treatment of localised assembly
  82 (2)
The Boltzmann distribution
  84 (3)
A solid of molecules with two energy levels each
  87 (5)
Exercises
  92 (1)
9 Temperature and entropy in statistical mechanics
  93 (10)
Two assemblies that can share energy
  93 (2)
Entropy and absolute temperature
  95 (5)
A different point of view
  100 (1)
Entropy and disorder
  101 (1)
Exercises
  102 (1)
10 Application to solids
  103 (12)
The entropy of a solid-like assembly
  103 (2)
The Einstein solid
  105 (4)
A simple magnetic solid
  109 (3)
Exercises
  112 (3)
11 Application to gases: (1) the classical approximation
  115 (12)
Gases
  115 (4)
The entropy of an ideal gas
  119 (1)
The evaluation of the partition function, Z, for an ideal gas
  120 (1)
The Sackur-Tetrode equation for the entropy of an ideal gas
  121 (1)
Gas mixtures
  122 (1)
The distribution of velocities in the gas
  123 (1)
The Helmholtz free energy
  124 (1)
The equation of state
  125 (1)
Exercises
  125 (2)
12 Application to gases: (2) Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac gases
  127 (12)
A Fermi-Dirac assembly
  127 (2)
The different distribution functions
  129 (2)
Some properties of a Bose-Einstein gas at low temperatures
  131 (2)
Some properties of an ideal Fermi-Dirac gas
  133 (2)
Exercises
  135 (4)
13 Fluctuations and Maxwell's demon
  139 (4)
The recurrence paradox
  141 (1)
Exercises
  142 (1)
PART THREE Entropy at low temperatures  143 (38)
14 The third law of thermodynamics
  145 (20)
Entropy at low temperatures
  145 (2)
Superconductivity
  147 (2)
Liquid He(3)
  149 (2)
Liquid He(4)
  151 (1)
Mixtures
  152 (2)
Entropy differences
  154 (4)
Heat capacities near the absolute zero
  158 (1)
Gases and the third law
  159 (3)
Non-equilibrium states
  162 (1)
The third law and chemical equilibrium
  163 (1)
The third law - a summary
  163 (2)
15 Absolute temperature and low temperatures
  165 (12)
Measurement of absolute temperature
  165 (1)
Measurement of high temperatures
  165 (1)
Low temperatures
  166 (1)
The liquefaction of gases
  167 (3)
The He(3)-He(4) dilution refrigerator
  170 (1)
The magnetic method of cooling
  171 (2)
The measurement of low temperatures
  173 (2)
Exercises
  175 (2)
16 The third law of thermodynamics and the unattainability of absolute zero
  177 (4)
Notes  181 (4)
Answers to exercises  185 (8)
Reading list  193 (2)
Index  195

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[ Last edited by deGennes on 2007-7-4 at 11:18 ]

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