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这期ES&T里的5篇中国人的文章! 感谢江老师! 1.Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (12), 4348 -4353, 2007. 10.1021/es0625982 S0013-936X(06)02598-3 Web Release Date: May 17, 2007 Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society Source Apportionment of Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds in Beijing Yu Song, Min Shao,* Ying Liu, Sihua Lu, William Kuster, Paul Goldan, and Shaodong Xie Department of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305 Received for review October 30, 2006 Revised manuscript received March 7, 2007 Accepted April 5, 2007 Abstract: The ambient air quality standard for ozone is frequently exceeded in Beijing in summer and autumn. Source apportionments of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are precursors of ground-level ozone formation, can be helpful to the further study of tropospheric ozone formation. In this study, ambient concentrations of VOCs were continuously measured with a time resolution of 30 min in August 2005 in Beijing. By using positive matrix factorization (PMF), eight sources for the selected VOC species were extracted. Gasoline-related emissions (the combination of gasoline exhaust and gas vapor), petrochemicals, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) contributed 52, 20, and 11%, respectively, to total ambient VOCs. VOC emissions from natural gas (5%), painting (5%), diesel vehicles (3%), and biogenic emissions (2%) were also identified. The gasoline-related, petrochemical, and biogenic sources were estimated to be the major contributors to ozone formation potentials in Beijing. 2.Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (12), 4410 -4414, 2007. 10.1021/es062680x S0013-936X(06)02680-0 Web Release Date: May 12, 2007 Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society Supercritical Preparation of a Highly Active S-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst for Methylene Blue Mineralization Hexing Li,* Xinyu Zhang, Yuning Huo, and Jian Zhu Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China Received for review November 8, 2006 Revised manuscript received February 25, 2007 Accepted February 26, 2007 Abstract: Sulfur-modification of the TiO2 was achieved by treating the TiO2 precursor (xerogel) under supercritical conditions in CS2/ethanol fluid. Nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated that the TiO2 was modified by the S-species incorporated into the TiO2 network by forming S-Ti-O bonds rather than by the adsorbed CS2. During liquid-phase photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation (>420 nm), the as-prepared S-doped TiO2 exhibited much higher activity than the undoped TiO2 obtained via either supercritical treatment or direct calcinations and even the N-doped TiO2 obtained via supercritical treatment. The promoting effects of both the supercritical treatment and S-modification on the photocatalytic activity were discussed by considering the high surface, large porous channels, well crystallized anatase phase, excellent thermal stability, and strong absorbance for visible lights, corresponding to the high quantum efficiency. The maximum activity was obtained at 1.8% S/Ti molar ratio, nearly 8 times higher than that of the commercially available P25 TiO2. 3.Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (12), 4415 -4421, 2007. 10.1021/es062001i S0013-936X(06)02001-3 Web Release Date: May 15, 2007 Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society Effect of Near-Wall Air Curtain on the Wall Deposition of Droplets in a Semidry Flue Gas Desulfurization Reactor Jie Zhang, Changfu You,* Changhe Chen, Haiying Qi, and Xuchang Xu Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Received for review August 19, 2006 Revised manuscript received April 2, 2007 Accepted April 10, 2007 Abstract: The wall deposition of droplets is an important issue affecting the desulfurization efficiency and operating stability of semidry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) reactors. Various near-wall air velocities, near-wall air flow inlet heights, and spray characteristics were analyzed numerically to investigate their effect on the gas-liquid flow and droplet deposition characteristics. The analytical results show that the near-wall air curtain effectively reduces the wall deposition of droplets in the semidry FGD reactor. The droplet deposition ratio decreased rapidly with increasing near-wall air velocity due to the increased gas flow rates and the altered gas velocity distribution. The near-wall air flow inlet height had an optimum value due to the rapid decline of the near-wall air momentum along the reactor height. The optimum distance between the near-wall air inlet height and the droplet injection height was 1.2 times that of the droplet vertical movement distance before deposition based on the linear droplet movement. For commonly used spray characteristics in the semidry FGD process, i.e., droplet diameters of 50-150 m, spray angles of 10-70 and droplet initial velocities of 20-100 m/s, the droplet deposition ratio with the addition of the near-wall air curtain varied slightly with the droplet diameter and the spray angle but increased rapidly with the initial droplet velocity. Therefore, for the semidry FGD processes, the near-wall air curtain is an effective method to reduce the wall deposition of droplets for various droplet diameters and spray angles while the initial droplet velocity should be carefully controlled to reduce the wall deposition of droplets and improve the operating stability. 4.Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (12), 4422 -4427, 2007. 10.1021/es062546c S0013-936X(06)02546-6 Web Release Date: May 9, 2007 Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society High Photocatalytic Capability of Self-Assembled Nanoporous WO3 with Preferential Orientation of (002) Planes Yafeng Guo, Xie Quan,* Na Lu, Huimin Zhao, and Shuo Chen Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, 116024 Received for review October 23, 2006 Revised manuscript received January 16, 2007 Accepted April 4, 2007 Abstract: Self-assembled nanoporous tungsten oxide (WO3) with preferential orientation (002) planes was successfully synthesized on the tungsten sheet by anodization in a 0.2 wt % NaF and 0.3% (V/V) HF mixture solution in a 1:1 ratio. The pores, of a highly ordered self-assembled structure, had an average size of approximately 70 nm. X-ray diffraction identified a monoclinic WO3 structure and fine preferential orientation of (002) planes. A maximum photoconversion efficiency of 17.2% was obtained for the self-assembled nanoporous WO3 under high-pressure mercury lamp illumination. The photocatalytic (PC) degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in aqueous solution using the self-assembled nanoporous WO3 photocatalyst, performed under both high-pressure mercury lamp and Xe lamp illumination, showed more excellent PC capability than WO3 film and TiO2 nanotube arrays. 5.Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (12), 4441 -4446, 2007. 10.1021/es070106v S0013-936X(07)00106-X Web Release Date: May 17, 2007 Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society Influence of Preparation Method on Morphology and Photocatalysis Activity of Nanostructured TiO2 Xin Jiang* and Ting Wang College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China Received for review January 15, 2007 Revised manuscript received March 21, 2007 Accepted April 3, 2007 Abstract: Supported TiO2 photocatalysts on aerosol silica were prepared by adsorption phase reaction technique (APRT) and impregnation method (IMP) under different water concentrations. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis indicated that Ti concentration in samples prepared by both methods increased with the content of water rising. There was a sharp increase in Ti content curve of APRT samples, while Ti concentration of IMP samples changed slowly. The grain size of TiO2 by APRT was below 6 nm and TiO2 particles dispersed uniformly on surface of silica. But the size of TiO2 by IMP was larger than 20 nm and the number of large particles increased rapidly when water concentration increased. The photocatalysis activity of as-prepared catalysts was characterized by methyl-orange photodegradation. The results showed that APRT photocatalysts had higher photocatalysis activity than IMP photocatalysts. Ti concentration and TiO2 crystalline form were two factors which affected photocatalysis activity the most. The grain size of TiO2 had little influence on photocatalysis activity, which might be counteracted by the decrease of anastase TiO2. [ Last edited by gzsoger on 2007-6-24 at 12:03 ] |
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