Contents
1.Introduction.................................................................................220
2. Models and methods ................................. 221
3. Titanium oxide.................................................................... 222
3.1. TiO2 applications and basic information ................ 222
3.2. Experimental findings on oxygen vacancies ............. 222
3.3. Reduced TiO2 rutile (110) surface.................... 224
3.3.1. Structure relaxation and electronic structure........... 224
3.3.2. The rutile TiO2(110) surface defect formation energy ................................................................. 229
3.4. Reduced TiO2 anatase surfaces............................................... 233
3.5. Reduced rutile and anatase TiO2 bulk ................ 235
3.6. Summary TiO2 ........................................ 237
4. Zirconium oxide .................................................. 237
4.1. ZrO2 applications and basic information.......... 237
4.2. Experimental findings on oxygen vacancies ......... 238
4.3. Reduced ZrO2 bulk phases....................................... 238
4.3.1. Structure relaxation and electronic structure........................... 239
4.3.2. The ZrO2 bulk defect formation energy................................................ 242
4.4. Reduced t-ZrO2 surfaces ........................... 243
4.5. Summary ZrO2 ....................................... 243
5. Vanadium oxide ............................................