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[资源] Catalysis in Ionic Liquids

Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. Nanostabilized Catalysts in ILs 3
2.1. ILs as Solvents for Synthesis of
Nanoparticles
3
2.2. Active Complexes of Metal Compounds with
ILs
5
2.3. Supported IL-Stabilized Catalysts 5
2.4. ILs as Templates for Heterogeneous
Catalysts
7
2.5. Stabilization of IL Emulsions by Nanoparticles 9
3. Hydrogenations in ILs 9
3.1. Hydrogenation on IL-Stabilized Nanoparticles 9
3.1.1. Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene 9
3.1.2. Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Arenes 10
3.1.3. Hydrogenation of Ketones 10
3.2. Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation in ILs 10
3.3. Hydrogenation of Functionalized ILs 11
3.3.1. Selective Hydrogenation of Polymers 11
3.4. Asymmetric Hydrogenations 12
3.4.1. Enantioselective Hydrogenation 12
3.5. Role of the ILs Purity in Hydrogenation
Reactions
14
3.6. Hydrogenation via Heterogeneous Catalysis
in ILs
14
3.7. Biocatalysis in ILs for Reduction of Organic
Molecules
16
3.8. Hydrogen-Transfer Reactions in ILs 16
4. Catalytic Oxidation in ILs 17
4.1. ILs as a Media for Organic Oxidations 17
4.2. Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidation in ILs 18
4.2.1. Glaser Oxidative Coupling 18
4.2.2. Epoxidation 18
4.2.3. Hydrocarbons to Other Oxygenated
Compounds
18
4.2.4. Alcohols to Carbonyl and Carbonyl to
Carboxylate Compounds
19
4.2.5. Oxidation of CdNOH Bonds 20
4.2.6. Oxidation of Thiols 20
4.2.7. Oxybromination 21
4.3. Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalytic
Oxidation in ILs
21
4.4. ILs in Kinetic Resolution Reactions 21
4.5. Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation in ILs 21
4.6. Electrochemical Oxidation in ILs 22
4.7. Biooxidation in ILs 23
5. Acid-Base-Catalyzed Reactions in ILs 24
5.1. Acid-Catalyzed C-C and C-X Bond-Forming
Reactions
24
5.1.1. Sakurai Reaction 25
5.1.2. Henry Reaction 25
5.1.3. Carbonyl Allylation of Aldehydes and
Ketones
25
5.1.4. Stille Coupling 25
5.2. Sulfonylation Reactions of Aromatics 25
5.3. Silylstannations of R,‚-Unsaturated Carbonyl
Compounds
26
5.4. Debromination of 2-Bromoketones 26
5.5. Protection of Carbonyls to Acetals and Ketals 26
5.6. Deprotection 26
5.7. Ligand Substitution Reactions: Fluorination
Reactions
26
5.8. Isomerization 27
5.9. Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in ILs Using
Heterogeneous Catalysts
27
5.10. Deoximation 27
5.11. Acid-Catalyzed Reactions with Task-Specific
ILs
28
5.12. Base-Catalyzed Reactions 28
5.13. Enzymatic Catalyzed Aldol Reactions in ILs 29
6. Carbonylation and Hydroformylation 29
6.1. Carbonylation 29
6.1.1. Carbonylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
via Homogeneous Catalysis
29
6.1.2. Carbonylation of Aryl Halides and
Terminal Alkynes via Homogeneous
Catalysis
29
6.1.3. Pauson-Khand Reaction 30
6.1.4. Carbonylation of Alcohols via
Homogeneous Catalysis
30
6.1.5. Carbonylation of Amines and
Nitrobenzene via Homogeneous Catalysis
30
6.2. Carbonylation via Heterogeneous Catalysis 31
6.2.1. Carbonylation of Amines and
Nitrobenzene
31
6.3. Hydroformylation 31
6.4. Hydroformylation via Heterogeneous Catalysis 32
7. Dimerization 32
7.1. Diels-Alder Reactions 34
8. Polymerization 34
8.1. Radical Polymerization in ILs 35
8.2. Charge-Transfer Polymerization 35
8.3. Radical Polymerization Using Chiral ILs
and/or Chiral Ligands
8.4. Biphasic Radical Polymerization 36
8.5. Ionic Polymerization 36
8.6. Oxidative Polymerization 36
9. Heck Reaction 36
9.1. Homogeneous Catalysis 36
9.2. Heterogeneous Catalysis 38
10. Suzuki Cross-Coupling 39
10.1. Heterogeneous Catalysis 39
11. Other Reactions 39
11.1. Hydroarylation 39
11.2. Hydroesterification 39
11.3. Ring-Closing Metathesis of Di-, Tri-, and
Tetrasubstituted Dienes
40
11.4. Trost-Tsuji C-C Coupling 40
11.5. Thioacetalization of Carbonyl Compounds 40
11.6. Gewald Synthesis 41
11.7. Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds 41
11.7.1. Reactions with Indoles 41
11.7.2. Michael Additions 41
11.7.3. Baylis-Hillman Reaction 43
11.7.4. Stetter Reaction 43
11.7.5. Cross-Coupling between Aldehydes and
Allylic Alcohols
43
11.7.6. Cross-Condensation of Carbonyl
Compounds with Derivatives of
Cyanoacetic Acid
43
11.7.7. Mannich-type Reaction 43
11.7.8. Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction 44
11.7.9. Reductive Amination of Carbonyl
Compounds with Amines
44
11.7.10.1,4-Conjugate Addition of Unmodified
Aldehyde
44
11.7.11.Carbonyl-Ene Reaction 44
11.7.12.Tandem Cyclization-1,3-Dipolar
Cycloaddition Reaction of R-Diazo
Ketones
44
11.7.13.CO2 Cycloaddition to Epoxide 45
11.7.14.R-Tosyloxylation of Ketones 45
11.8. Heterogeneous Catalysis 45
11.8.1. Hydroamination Reactions 45
12. Conclusions 45
13. Acknowledgment 46
14. References 46

[ Last edited by daiqiguang on 2007-6-3 at 11:26 ]

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