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[交流] 最新地学SCI导读 -- Vol. 7

1. Water Security: Research Challenges and Opportunities

An estimated 80% of the world's population faces a high-level water security or water-related biodiversity risk (1). The issue of water security—defined as an acceptable level of water-related risks to humans and ecosystems, coupled with the availability of water of sufficient quantity and quality to support livelihoods, national security, human health, and ecosystem services (2, 3)—is thus receiving considerable attention. To date, however, the majority of academic research on water security is relatively poorly integrated with the needs of policy-makers and practitioners; hence, substantial changes to funding, education, research frameworks, and academic incentive structures are required if researchers are to be enabled to make more substantive contributions to addressing the global water crisis.

Source: Science 24 August 2012: Vol. 337 no. 6097 pp. 914-915 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226337

2. A Long View on Climate Sensitivity

Humanity is engaged in an unprecedented climate experiment, the outcome of which is often framed in terms of an equilibrium “climate sensitivity.” This parameter encapsulates the amount of global warming that may be expected as a result of a doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, which is equivalent to an additional 3.7 W m−2 of energy available to warm Earth's surface (1). The current best estimate of climate sensitivity is similar to the earliest estimates by Arrhenius (2) and Callendar (3), ranging from 2° to 4.5°C (4). Constraints on the lower limit of this range are much tighter than they are on the upper limit, with small but finite probabilities for very large climate sensitivities (4). Although the geological record provides strong support for climate sensitivities in this range, it also reminds us that a single value of climate sensitivity is unlikely to provide a complete picture of the climate system's response to forcing.

Source: Science 24 August 2012: Vol. 337 no. 6097 pp. 917-919 DOI: 10.1126/science.1224011

3. Assessing surface water consumption using remotely-sensed groundwater, evapotranspiration, and precipitation
Surface water consumption observations are needed for hydrology and agriculture
We developed an approach to estimate consumption using remote sensing data
Our approach estimated water consumption to <6% (17 mm/year) for California

Source: GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 39, L16401, 6 PP., 2012
doi:10.1029/2012GL052400

4. Characteristics and drivers of global NDVI-based FPAR from 1982 to 2006
Key Points:
Interannual and spatial variation characteristics of a long-term global FPAR
Climatic influence on global FPAR
Land cover change (such as deforestation and afforestation) and FPAR variation

Source: GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES, VOL. 26, GB3015, 15 PP., 2012
doi:10.1029/2011GB004060

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