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北京石油化工学院2026年研究生招生接收调剂公告
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hour219

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在高温氧化和腐蚀性环境中, 至今没有任何普通金属能像贵金属一样经受得住高温和复杂环境的考验。其中贵金属Ir 、Rh、Ru 具有比Pt、Pd, 更高的抗拉强度和高温断裂强度(特别是Ir在2200 ℃ 的持久强度和蠕变断裂强度远高于Pt-Rh合金)。但是相对低的常温塑性、较差的抗高温氧化性、高密度、高氧化挥发速率、有限的资源和昂贵的价格等多种因素制约了贵金属Ir、Rh、Ru 及其合金的发展和应用。
铂基高温结构材料具有以下特性:(1) 具有高的熔点;(2)在900℃ 以上大气气氛中具有好的抗氧化性和热稳定性;(3) 具有好的抗腐蚀性, 能经受像硝酸、氢氰酸、氢氟酸以及直至1600 ℃ 熔融玻璃和其它硅酸盐熔体的严重腐蚀;(4) 具有高的高温强度性质且力学性能稳定;(5)具有好的延性和可加工性能, 可制作成所要求的结构部件和产品;(6) 具有良好的可焊接性能, 可通过焊接制备成所要求的构件。除了上述特点, 相对多的资源及相对适合的价格, 使得铂金属材料在现代工业、国防科技和高新技术领域中具有特别重要的意义。

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hour219: 金币+35, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案 2012-08-04 11:38:16
In the high temperature oxidation and corrosion environment, no other normal metals can stand high temperature and complex environment like noble metal. Amongst the noble metals, Ir, Rh, and Ru have stronger tensile strength and high-temp break strength than Pt and Pd (especially in 2200C Ir has stronger rupture strength and creep break strength than Pt-Rh alloy). However, the development and application of noble metal Ir, Rh, Ru and their alloy are restricted by relatively low normal-temp plastic, worse high-temp oxidation resistance, high density, high oxidation evaporation velocity, limited resources, and high cost.
Platinum-based high-temp structure material has the following properties: (1) high melting temperature, (2) good oxidation resistance and thermal stability in 900C or higher atmosphere, (3) good corrosion resistance so it can stand serious corrosion of nitric acid, hydrogen cyanide, hydrofluoric acid, up to 1600C melting glass, and other silicate melts, (4) good high-temp strength property and stable mechanical property, (5) good ductility and machinability property to be produced to required structure parts and products, (6) good weldable property to be welded to required parts. Besides the features above, relatively abundant resources and reasonable price make platinum material important in contemporary industry, defense technology, and advanced techniques.
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