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³¬ÇåÎú£¬·ÇÓ°Ó¡°æ~~~~ Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies --Yu-Ran Luo Contents Chapter one Introduction ........................................................................................................1 1.1 Comprehensive database of the BDEs ............................................................................1 1.2 What is the BDE? ................................................................................................................1 1.3 Why are reliable BDEs needed? .......................................................................................3 1.4 Scope of this book ...............................................................................................................3 1.5 On energy units ...................................................................................................................5 1.6 How to search for BDEs in this book ..............................................................................6 1.7 How to use the BDE data tables .......................................................................................7 Chapter two Experimental methods for measuring BDEs ...............................................13 2.1 A summary of main experimental methods ................................................................13 2.2 The conversion between D0, De, and DH0 ....................................................................16 2.2.1 Diatomic molecules .............................................................................................17 2.2.2 Polyatomic molecules .........................................................................................18 Chapter three BDEs of C¨CH bonds ......................................................................................19 3.1 Chain saturated hydrocarbons .......................................................................................19 3.2 Chain unsaturated hydrocarbons ...................................................................................24 3.3 Cyclic hydrocarbons .........................................................................................................31 3.4 Aromatic hydrocarbons ...................................................................................................40 3.5 Halogenated hydrocarbons .............................................................................................61 3.6 Organic compounds containing heteroatom(s) ............................................................70 3.6.1 C¨CH BDEs with a-OH, -OR, -C(O), -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR, -OC(O)R and -OOR ..............................................................................................................70 3.6.1.1 C¨CH BDEs with a-OH .......................................................................70 3.6.1.2 C¨CH BDEs with a-OR ........................................................................73 3.6.1.3 C¨CH BDEs with a-C(O) .....................................................................83 3.6.1.4 C¨CH BDEs with a-C(O)OH ..............................................................93 3.6.1.5 C¨CH BDEs with a-C(O)OR, -OC(O)R and -OOR ..........................96 3.6.2 C¨CH BDEs with a-N, -CN, -NC, -NO, -NO2, -NN and in heterocyclic species ...........................................................................................102 3.6.2.1 C¨CH BDEs with a-N ........................................................................102 3.6.2.2 C¨CH BDEs with a-CN and -NC .....................................................106 3.6.2.3 C¨CH BDEs with a-NO, -NO2, and -NN .......................................109 3.6.2.4 C¨CH BDEs in heterocyclic species .................................................112 3.6.3 C¨CH BDEs with a-O, -N and their groups ....................................................118 3.6.4 C¨CH BDEs with a-C(S), -S, -SO, and -SO2 .....................................................125 3.6.5 C¨CH BDEs with other heteroatoms at a-position .........................................132 3.7 C¨CH BDEs in radicals .....................................................................................................134 Chapter four BDEs of C¨CC bonds ......................................................................................147 4.1 Saturated hydrocarbons .................................................................................................147 4.2 Chain unsaturated hydrocarbons .................................................................................154 4.3 Aromatic hydrocarbons .................................................................................................161 4.4 Halogenated hydrocarbons ...........................................................................................166 4.5 Organic compounds containing heteroatoms ............................................................178 4.5.1 Organic compounds containing oxygen atoms ............................................178 4.5.2 Organic compounds containing nitrogen atoms ..........................................191 4.5.3 Organic compounds containing sulfur atoms ..............................................203 4.6 C¨CC BDEs in radicals .....................................................................................................205 Chapter five BDEs of C¨Chalogen bonds ............................................................................211 5.1 C¨CF bonds .........................................................................................................................211 5.2 C¨CCl bonds .......................................................................................................................218 5.3 C¨CBr bonds .......................................................................................................................233 5.4 C¨CI bonds .........................................................................................................................243 Chapter six BDEs of O¨CX bonds .........................................................................................255 6.1 O¨CH bonds .......................................................................................................................255 6.1.1 O¨CH bonds in non-phenols ..............................................................................255 6.1.1.1 O¨CH bonds in ROH .........................................................................255 6.1.1.2 O¨CH bonds in RC(O)OH ................................................................262 6.1.1.3 O¨CH bonds in ROOH ......................................................................266 6.1.2 O¨CH bonds in oximes and hydrolamines ......................................................272 6.1.3 O¨CH bonds in phenols ......................................................................................285 6.1.4 O¨CH bonds in sterically hindered phenols ...................................................298 6.1.5 O¨CH bonds in metal-containing species ........................................................306 6.1.6 O¨CH bonds in radicals ......................................................................................308 6.2 O¨CO bonds .......................................................................................................................309 6.3 O¨CC bonds ........................................................................................................................321 6.3.1 O¨CC bonds in alcohols ......................................................................................321 6.3.2 O¨CC bonds in ethers ..........................................................................................325 6.3.3 O¨CC bonds in acids, esters and anhydrides ..................................................333 6.3.4 O¨CC bonds in peroxides and peroxys ............................................................337 6.3.5 O¨CC bonds in other species .............................................................................342 6.3.6 O¨CC bonds in radicals .......................................................................................346 6.4 O¨CN bonds .......................................................................................................................347 6.5 O¨CS bonds ........................................................................................................................360 6.6 O¨Chalogen bonds ............................................................................................................365 Chapter seven BDEs of N¨CX bonds ...................................................................................369 7.1 N¨CH bonds .......................................................................................................................369 7.1.1 N¨CH bonds in non-anilines ..............................................................................369 7.1.2 N¨CH bonds in anilines ......................................................................................378 7.1.3 N¨CH bonds in cyclic compounds ....................................................................387 7.2 N¨CN bonds .......................................................................................................................395 7.3 N¨CC bonds ........................................................................................................................403 7.4 N¨CS bonds .........................................................................................................................420 7.5 N¨Chalogen bonds .............................................................................................................422 7.6 N¨CB, N¨CAl, N¨CGa, and N¨CIn bonds .............................................................................424 Chapter eight BDEs of S¨C, Se¨C, Te¨C, Po¨CX bonds .............................................................425 8.1 S¨CH bonds ........................................................................................................................425 8.2 S¨CS bonds .........................................................................................................................431 8.3 S¨CC bonds .........................................................................................................................436 8.4 S¨Chalogen bonds .............................................................................................................445 8.5 S¨CP, S¨CAs, and S¨CSb bonds ............................................................................................449 8.6 Se¨CX bonds .......................................................................................................................451 8.7 Te¨CX bonds .......................................................................................................................453 8.8 Po¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................................454 Chapter nine BDEs of Si¨C, Ge¨C, Sn¨C, and Pb¨CX bonds ...................................................455 9.1 Si¨CX BDEs .........................................................................................................................455 9.2 Ge¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................................467 9.3 Sn¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................................473 9.4 Pb¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................................478 Chapter ten BDEs of P¨C, As¨C, Sb¨C, Bi¨CX bonds ...............................................................481 10.1 P¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................................481 10.2 As¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................................487 10.3 Sb¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................................489 10.4 Bi¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................................490 Chapter eleven BDEs of H(HG)¨C, Li(LiG)¨C, Na(NaG)¨C, K(KG)¨C, Rb(RbG)¨C, and Cs(CsG)¨CX bonds ..............................................................................493 11.1 H¨C, HC¨C, and HK¨CX bonds .........................................................................................493 11.2 Li¨C and LiG¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................496 11.2.1 Li¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................496 11.2.2 LiG¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................500 11.3 Na¨C, NaCK, and NaK¨CX bonds .................................................................................516 11.3.1 Na¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................516 11.3.2 NaC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................522 11.3.3 NaK¨CX bonds .................................................................................................541 11.4 K¨C, KC¨C, and K¨C¨CX bonds ...........................................................................................541 11.4.1 K¨CX bonds .......................................................................................................541 11.4.2 KC¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................544 11.4.3 KK¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................557 11.5 Rb¨C, RbC¨C, and RbK¨CX bonds ....................................................................................557 11.5.1 Rb¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................557 11.5.2 RbC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................559 11.5.3 RbK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................562 11.6 Cs¨C, CsC¨C, and CsK¨CX bonds .....................................................................................563 11.6.1 Cs¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................563 11.6.2 CsC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................565 11.6.3 CsK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................569 Chapter twelve BDEs of Be(BeC)¨C, Mg(MgC)¨C, Ca(CaC)¨C, Sr(SrC)¨C, Ba(BaC)¨C, and Ra¨CX bonds ........................................................................................571 12.1 Be¨C and BeC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................571 12.1.1 Be¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................571 12.1.2 BeC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................573 12.2 Mg¨C and MgC¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................574 12.2.1 Mg¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................574 12.2.2 MgC¨CX bonds ................................................................................................579 12.3 Ca¨C and CaC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................584 12.3.1 Ca¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................584 12.3.2 CaC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................587 12.4 Sr¨C and SrC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................591 12.4.1 Sr¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................591 12.4.2 SrC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................593 12.5 Ba¨C and BaC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................596 12.5.1 Ba¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................596 12.5.2 BaC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................598 12.6 Ra¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................................599 Chapter thirteen BDEs of Sc(ScC)¨C, Y(YC)¨C, La(LaC)¨C, and Ac(AcC)¨CX bonds ...........................................................................601 13.1 Sc¨C and ScC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................601 13.1.1 Sc¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................601 13.1.2 ScC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................603 13.2 Y¨C and YC¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................607 13.2.1 Y¨C bonds ..........................................................................................................607 13.2.2 YC¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................610 13.3 La¨C and LaC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................612 13.4 Ac¨C and AcC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................643 Chapter fourteen BDEs of Ti(TiG)¨C, Zr(ZrC)¨C, and Hf(HfC)¨CX bonds ........................667 14.1 Ti¨C, TiC¨C, and TiK¨CX bonds ........................................................................................667 14.1.1 Ti¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................667 14.1.2 TiC¨C and TiK¨CX bonds .................................................................................673 14.2 Zr¨C and ZrC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................679 14.2.1 Zr¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................679 14.2.2 ZrC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................683 14.3 Hf¨C and HfC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................685 Chapter fifteen BDEs of V(VG)¨C, Nb(NbC)¨C, and Ta(TaC)¨CX bonds ...........................689 15.1 V¨C, VC¨C, and VK¨CX bonds ..........................................................................................689 15.1.1 V¨CX bonds .......................................................................................................689 15.1.2 VC¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................692 15.1.3 VK¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................699 15.2 Nb¨C and NbC¨CX bonds ................................................................................................700 15.2.1 Nb¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................700 15.2.2 NbC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................704 15.3 Ta¨C and TaC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................708 15.3.1 Ta¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................708 15.3.2 TaC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................711 Chapter sixteen BDEs of Cr(CrG)¨C, Mo(MoG)¨C, and W(WG)¨CX bonds ......................713 16.1 Cr¨C, CrC¨C, and CrK¨CX bonds .....................................................................................713 16.1.1 Cr¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................713 16.1.2 CrC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................723 16.1.3 CrK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................733 16.2 Mo¨C, MoCK, and MoK¨CX bonds ...............................................................................734 16.2.1 Mo¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................734 16.2.2 MoC¨CX bonds ................................................................................................746 16.2.3 MoK¨CX bonds ................................................................................................751 16.3 W¨C, WC¨C, and WK¨CX bonds .......................................................................................751 16.3.1 W¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................751 16.3.2 WC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................778 16.3.3 WK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................780 Chapter seventeen BDEs of Mn(MnG)¨C, Tc(TcC), and Re(ReG)¨CX bonds ...................781 17.1 Mn¨C, MnC¨C, and MnK¨CX bonds .................................................................................781 17.1.1 Mn¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................781 17.1.2 MnC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................787 17.1.3 MnK¨CX bonds .................................................................................................793 17.2 Tc¨CX and TcC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................795 17.2.1 Tc¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................795 17.2.2 TcC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................795 17.3 Re¨C, ReC¨C, and ReK¨CX bonds .....................................................................................796 17.3.1 Re¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................796 17.3.2 ReC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................799 17.3.3 ReK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................801 Chapter eighteen BDEs of Fe(FeG)¨C, Ru(RuC)¨C, and Os(OsC)¨CX bonds ....................803 18.1 Fe¨C, FeC¨C, and FeK¨CX bonds ......................................................................................803 18.1.1 Fe¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................803 18.1.2 FeC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................815 18.1.3 FeK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................838 18.2 Ru¨C and RuC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................840 18.2.1 Ru¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................840 18.2.2 RuC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................849 18.3 Os¨C and OsC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................851 18.3.1 Os¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................851 18.3.2 OsC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................853 Chapter nineteen BDEs of Co(CoG)¨C, Rh(RhC)¨C, and Ir(IrC)¨CX bonds ......................855 19.1 Co¨C, CoC¨C and CoK¨CX bonds .....................................................................................855 19.1.1 Co¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................855 19.1.2 CoC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................868 19.1.3 CoK¨CX bonds .................................................................................................881 19.2 Rh¨C and RhC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................882 19.2.1 Rh¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................882 19.2.2 RhC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................892 19.3 Ir¨C and IrC¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................895 19.3.1 Ir¨CX bonds .......................................................................................................895 19.3.2 IrC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................901 Chapter twenty BDEs of Ni(NiG)¨C, Pd(PdG)¨C, and Pt(PtG)¨CX bonds .........................903 20.1 Ni¨C, NiC¨C, and NiK¨CX bonds .....................................................................................903 20.1.1 Ni¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................903 20.1.2 NiC¨C and NiK¨CX bonds ...............................................................................921 20.1.3 NiK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................931 20.2 Pd¨C, PdC¨C, and PdK¨CX bonds ....................................................................................932 20.2.1 Pd¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................932 20.2.2 PdC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................939 20.2.3 PdK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................941 20.3 Pt¨C, PtC¨C, and PtK¨CX bonds .......................................................................................941 20.3.1 Pt¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................941 20.3.2 PtC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................963 20.3.3 PtK¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................965 Chapter twenty-one BDEs of Cu(CuG)¨C, Ag(AgG)¨C, and Au(AuG)¨CX bonds ...........967 21.1 Cu¨C, CuC¨C, and CuK¨CX bonds ...................................................................................967 21.1.1 Cu¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................967 21.1.2 CuC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................982 21.1.3 CuK¨CX bonds .................................................................................................989 21.2 Ag¨C, AgC¨C, and AgK¨CX bonds ...................................................................................990 21.2.1 Ag¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................990 21.2.2 AgC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................999 21.2.3 AgK¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1009 21.3 Au¨C, AuC¨C, and AuK¨CX bonds ................................................................................1009 21.3.1 Au¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................1009 21.3.2 AuC¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1021 21.3.3 AuK¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1025 Chapter twenty-two BDEs of Zn(ZnC)¨C, Cd(CdC)¨C, and Hg(HgC)¨CX bonds .........1027 22.1 Zn¨C and ZnC¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1027 22.1.1 Zn¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................1027 22.1.2 ZnC¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1031 22.2 Cd¨C and CdC¨CX bonds ..............................................................................................1033 22.2.1 Cd¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................1033 22.2.2 CdC¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1035 22.3 Hg¨C and HgC¨CX bonds ..............................................................................................1036 22.3.1 Hg¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................1036 22.3.2 HgC¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1039 Chapter twenty-three BDEs of B(BG)¨C, Al(AlG)¨C, Ga(GaG)¨C, In(InG)¨C, and Tl(TlG)¨CX bonds ...........................................................................1041 23.1 B¨C, BC¨C, and BK¨CX bonds .........................................................................................1041 23.1.1 B¨CX bonds .....................................................................................................1041 23.1.2 BC¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................1049 23.1.3 BK¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................1051 23.2 Al¨C, and AlG¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1052 23.2.1 Al¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................1052 23.2.2 AlC¨C and AlK¨CX bonds ..............................................................................1062 23.3 Ga¨C, GaC¨C, and GaK¨CX bonds .................................................................................1068 23.3.1 Ga¨CX bonds ..................................................................................................1068 23.3.2 GaC¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1074 23.3.3 GaK¨CX bonds ...............................................................................................1075 23.4 In¨C and InG¨CX bonds .................................................................................................1075 23.4.1 In¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................1075 23.4.2 InC¨C and InK¨CX bonds ...............................................................................1083 23.5 Tl¨C and TlG¨CX bonds .................................................................................................1084 23.5.1 Tl¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................1084 23.5.2 TlC¨C and TlK¨CX bonds ...............................................................................1086 Chapter twenty-four BDEs in the C-, Si-, Ge-, Sn-, Pb-clusters and complexes ...............................................................................1087 24.1 Carbon and the ion clusters/complexes .................................................................1087 24.1.1 Carbon clusters/complexes .......................................................................1087 24.1.2 Positive carbon-ion clusters/complexes ..................................................1099 24.1.3 Negative carbon-ion clusters/complexes ................................................1136 24.2 Silicon and the ion clusters/complexes ..................................................................1140 24.2.1 Silicon clusters/complexes ........................................................................1140 24.2.2 Silicon-ion clusters/complexes .................................................................1147 24.3 Germanium clusters/complexes ..............................................................................1153 24.3.1 Germanium clusters/complexes ...............................................................1153 24.3.2 Germanium-ion clusters/complexes ........................................................1155 24.4 Tin clusters/complexes ..............................................................................................1156 24.4.1 Tin clusters/complexes ..............................................................................1156 24.4.2 Tin-ion clusters/complexes .......................................................................1157 24.5 Lead clusters/complexes ...........................................................................................1159 Chapter twenty-five BDEs in the N-, P-, As-, Sb-, Bi-clusters and complexes ................................................................................1163 25.1 Nitrogen and the ion clusters/complexes ..............................................................1163 25.1.1 Nitrogen clusters/complexes ....................................................................1163 25.1.2 Positive nitrogen-ion clusters/complexes ...............................................1171 25.1.3 Negative nitrogen-ion clusters/complexes .............................................1219 25.2 Phosphorus clusters/complexes ..............................................................................1235 25.2.1 Phosphorus-cation clusters/complexes ...................................................1235 25.2.2 Phosphorus-anion clusters/complexes ....................................................1236 25.3 Arsenic clusters/complexes ......................................................................................1238 25.4 Antimony clusters/complexes ..................................................................................1239 25.5 Bismuth-ion clusters/complexes ..............................................................................1240 Chapter twenty-six BDEs in the O-, S-, Se-, Te-clusters and complexes ...................1243 26.1 Oxygen and the ion clusters/complexes ................................................................1243 26.1.1 Oxygen clusters/complexes ......................................................................1243 26.1.2 Positive oxygen-ion clusters/complexes .................................................1259 26.1.3 Negative oxygen-ion clusters/complexes ...............................................1300 26.2 Sulfur and the ion clusters/complexes ...................................................................1323 26.2.1 Sulfur clusters/complexes .........................................................................1323 26.2.2 Positive sulfur-ion clusters/complexes ...................................................1325 26.2.3 Negative sulfur-ion clusters/complexes .................................................1331 26.3 Selenium clusters/complexes ...................................................................................1341 26.4 Tellurium clusters/complexes ..................................................................................1346 Chapter twenty-seven BDEs in the halogenated molecules, clusters and complexes .............................................................................1351 27.1 F¨C, FC¨C, and FK¨CX bonds ..........................................................................................1351 27.1.1 F¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................1351 27.1.2 FC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................1355 27.1.3 FK¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................1355 27.2 Cl¨C, ClC¨C, and ClK¨CX bonds .....................................................................................1374 27.2.1 Cl¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................1374 27.2.2 ClC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................1377 27.2.3 ClK¨CX bonds .................................................................................................1379 27.3 Br¨C, BrC¨C, and BrK¨CX bonds .....................................................................................1399 27.3.1 Br¨CX bonds ....................................................................................................1399 27.3.2 BrC¨CX bonds .................................................................................................1401 27.3.3 BrK¨CX bonds .................................................................................................1402 27.4 I¨C, IC¨C, and IK¨CX bonds .............................................................................................1414 27.4.1 I¨CX bonds ......................................................................................................1414 27.4.2 IC¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................1416 27.4.3 IK¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................1417 27.5 At¨CX bonds ...................................................................................................................1427 Chapter twenty-eight BDEs in rare gas atom/ion clusters ..........................................1429 28.1 Rare gas atom clusters ...............................................................................................1429 28.1.1 Diatomic clusters .........................................................................................1429 28.1.2 Polyatomic clusters .....................................................................................1436 28.2 Rare gas ion clusters ...................................................................................................1446 Chapter twenty-nine Heats of formation of atoms, radicals, and ions ......................1453 29.1 Gaseous atoms .............................................................................................................1453 29.2 Small inorganic radicals in the gas-phase ..............................................................1455 29.2.1 Metallic radicals ...........................................................................................1455 29.2.2 Non-metallic radicals ..................................................................................1459 29.3 Organic radicals in the gas-phase ............................................................................1461 29.3.1 C-centered radicals ......................................................................................1461 29.3.2 O-centered radicals .....................................................................................1471 29.3.3 N-centered radicals .....................................................................................1474 29.3.4 S-centered radicals ......................................................................................1475 29.3.5 Si, Ge-, Sn-, and Pb-centered radicals ......................................................1476 29.4 Group additivity values for organic radicals .........................................................1478 29.5 Enthalpy of formation of monoatomic cations ......................................................1481 29.6 Enthalpy of formation of monoatomic anions .......................................................1484 References ................................................................................................................................1487 1946¨C1964 .................................................................................................................................1487 1965¨C1969 .................................................................................................................................1489 1970¨C1974 .................................................................................................................................1494 1975¨C1979 .................................................................................................................................1502 1980¨C1984 .................................................................................................................................1511 1985¨C1989 .................................................................................................................................1524 1990¨C1994 .................................................................................................................................1540 1995¨C1999 .................................................................................................................................1564 2000¨C2004 .................................................................................................................................1591 2005¨C2006 .................................................................................................................................1614 Index of compound classes ....................................................................................................1621 Index of compound names ....................................................................................................1633 |
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