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东北师范大学2006年英语专业基础试题
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学科专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学 考试科目：英语专业基础 考试时间：2006年1月15日下午 Part One: Linguistics (50 points) I. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (5 points) 1. Of all the design features of the human language, displacement is the most important. 2. [] is a palatal voiced fricative. 3. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development. 4. The pairs of words dead/alive, male/female are antonyms which are named contrary terms. 5. Speech Act Theory was proposed by N. Chomsky. II. Decide from the pragmatic point of view what the speaker wants to convey in the italic part of the following utterances, and how come you have made such decisions? (5 points) A: Do you like lobster? B: Is the Pope Catholic? III. Disambiguation with paraphrases. (10 points) 1. Terry loves his wife and so do I. 2. We laughed at the colorful ball. 3. I cannot recommend him too highly. 4. They said she would go yesterday. IV. Explain the following terms briefly. (10 points) 1. register 2. indirect speech act 3. prototypes 4. communicative competence V. Discussion (20 points) 1. As we know, linguistics is related to language teaching. Discuss the contributions linguistics makes to foreign language teaching. Use examples to illustrate your points if necessary. 2. Explain the following remarks with examples or make some comments. “Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with meaning, but the difference between them can be traced to two different uses of the verb mean: (a) What does X mean? (b) What did you mean by X?” Part Two: English and American Literature (60 points) I. Explain the following literary terms. (20 points) 1. Sonnet 2. Theatre of the absurd 3. Local Colorism 4. Harlem Renaissance II. Answer the following questions briefly. 1. What are Samuel Richardson’s contributions to the development of the English novel? 2. What is Transcendentalism? Give a brief account of the significance of Transcendentalism in American literature. III. Read the following literary works and answer the questions about them respectively. (20 points) 1. Read the following poem and explain what imagist poetic principles the poem has illustrated and how. In a Station of the Metro The apparition of these faces in the crowd: Petals on a wet, black bough. 2. Read the following passage and answer the questions about it. It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants: who as they grow up either turn thieves for want of work, or leave their dear native country to fight for the Pretender in Spain, or sell themselves to the Barbadoes. I think it is agreed by all parties that this prodigious number of children in the arms, or on the backs, or at the heels of their mothers, and frequently of their fathers, is in the present deplorable state of the kingdom a very great additional grievance; and, therefore, whoever could find out a fair, cheap, and easy method of making these children sound, useful members of the commonwealth, would deserve so well of the public as to have his statue set up for a preserver of the nation. (1) From which literary work is the passage taken? (2) Who is the author? Which town and which country is the author referring to in the first sentence? (3) What suggestions does the author make in the work? (4) What is his real purpose in making such a suggestion? (5) How would you like to describe his tone? Part Three: Survey of UK and USA (15 points) I. Correct the erroneous sentences below and write your corrected parts in your answer sheet. (6 points) 1. The US Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is the head of judges who is elected to administer the law. 2. Washington D.C. is situated on the Hudson River between two states of Maryland and Virginia. 3. Cricket is considered as the most English of games, but it has been extensively adopted in the British Nations. 4. The British spirit of “Do-It-Yourself” reflects many aspects of British life. 5. Disneyland and Disney World mean the same amusement park in the same place in the United States of America. 6. The Britons build Hadrian’s Wall from the Solway to the Tyne in order to keep back the Welsh in about 122 A.D. II. Compare the British economy with the American economy and write your comparison in your answer sheet. (3 points) III. Analyze “the members of the stronger party in the House of Commons are the real law-makers” and write your analysis in your answer sheet. (3 points) IV. State “the System of Checks and Balances” and write your account in your answer sheet. (3 points) Part Four: Translation (25 points) I. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15 points) Most people hold in their hearts a special dread of a hospitalized, medicalized death. Yet about half of all Americans die in hospitals, in a tangle of tubes, surrounded by anxiety-producing technology. They suffer alone in the glare of a comfortless ward, their last hours guided by the training and instincts of highly specialized strangers. No one seems to know when to finally give in to death’s certainty, and relentless procedures rob people of a death with comfort and dignity. Many of those who dread that kind of death think they’re doing something about it by signing living wills or otherwise making their wishes very explicit. But a larger-scale study of terminal patients by the Journal of the American Medical Association showed last week just how futile those efforts are. While patients say they want peace, comfort, the sanctity of home and freedom from pain in their last hours, shockingly few of them actually had their wishes honored. II. Translate the following passage into English. (10 points) 鄙人对自己译文从未满意，苦闷之处亦复与先生同感。传神云云，谈何容易！年岁经验愈增，对原作体会愈增，而传神愈感不足。领悟为一事，用中文表达为又一事。况东方人与西方人之思想方式有基本分歧，我人重综合，重归纳，重暗示，重含蓄；西方人则重分析，细微曲折，挖掘唯恐不尽，描写唯恐不周：此两种心智殊难彼此融洽交流。同为比喻，一经翻译，意义即已晦涩，遑论情趣。不若西欧文字彼此同源，比喻典故大半一致。且我国语体文历史尚浅，句法词汇远不如有二三千年传统之文言；一切皆待文艺工作者长期摸索。 |
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