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最新地学SCI导读 -- Vol. 3 已有1人参与
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1. The Heartbeat of Ecosystems Margaret A. Palmer et al. Which indicators of ecosystem structure and function must be measured to assess ecosystem health? Source: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/336/6087/1393 2. Science for Sustainable Development (Rio+20) Analyzing Sustainable Development Goals, by Lidia Brito The Urban Challenge, by David Fisk Harnessing New Scientific Capacity, by Alice Abreu From Industrial Toward Ecological in China, by Jiahua Pan Creating the New Development Ecosystem, by Alex Dehgan Systems Science for Policy Evaluation, by Pavel Kabat Rigorous Evaluation of Human Behavior, by Esther Duflo Source: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6087/1396.1.summary 3. Continental-Scale Effects of Nutrient Pollution on Stream Ecosystem Functioning Excessive nutrient loading is a major threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide that leads to profound changes in aquatic biodiversity and biogeochemical processes. Systematic quantitative assessment of functional ecosystem measures for river networks is, however, lacking, especially at continental scales. Here, we narrow this gap by means of a pan-European field experiment on a fundamental ecosystem process—leaf-litter breakdown—in 100 streams across a greater than 1000-fold nutrient gradient. Dramatically slowed breakdown at both extremes of the gradient indicated strong nutrient limitation in unaffected systems, potential for strong stimulation in moderately altered systems, and inhibition in highly polluted streams. This large-scale response pattern emphasizes the need to complement established structural approaches (such as water chemistry, hydrogeomorphology, and biological diversity metrics) with functional measures (such as litter-breakdown rate, whole-system metabolism, and nutrient spiraling) for assessing ecosystem health. Source: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6087/1438.short 4. Ecosystem processes at the watershed scale: Hydrologic vegetation gradient as an indicator for lateral hydrologic connectivity of headwater catchments Lateral water flow in catchments can produce important patterns in water and nutrient fluxes and stores and also influences the long-term spatial development of forest ecosystems. Specifically, patterns of vegetation type and density along hydrologic flow paths can represent a signal of the redistribution of water and nitrogen mediated by lateral hydrologic flow. This study explores the use of emergent vegetation patterns to infer ecohydrologic processes and feedbacks in forested headwater catchments. We suggest a hydrologic gradient of vegetation density as an indicator of lateral connectivity within headwater catchments. We define the hydrologic vegetation gradient (HVG) as the increase of normalized difference vegetation index per unit increase of the topographic wetness index. HVG are estimated in different headwater catchments in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory using summer IKONOS imagery. We use recession slope analysis with gauge data and a distributed ecohydrological model to characterize the patterns of seasonal flow regimes within the catchments. Correlations between HVG, catchment runoff, early recession parameters, and model parameters show the interactive role of vegetation and lateral hydrologic connectivity of systems in addition to climatic and geomorphic controls. This suggests that HVG effectively represents the level of partitioning between localized water use and lateral water flow along hydrologic flow paths, especially during the growing season. It also presents the potential to use simple remotely sensed hydrologic vegetation gradients as an indicator of lateral hydrologic connectivity to extrapolate recession behavior and key model parameters of distributed hydrological models for ungauged headwater catchments. Source: ATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 48, W06514, 16 PP., 2012 doi:10.1029/2011WR011301 |
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