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1.树的结构 Structure of a tree Structure of a tree: large ligneous plant whose stem is bare lose to the ground and carries branches at its top. Branches: branches and boughs of a tree. Top: the highest part of the tree. Foliage (leaves): the leaves of a tree. Branch: strong offshoot of the trunk of a tree. Trunk: body of the tree. Lateral roots: roots that grow outward from the tree, undeground, holding the tree in place and nourishing it. Taproot: main root that grows vertically into the ground. Root hair zone: small thread like parts of the root. Radicle: small roots. Bole: part of the tree between the ground and the first branches. Twig: divisions of the branches. Crown: part of the tree from the first branch to the top. 2.Structure of a plant Structure of a plant: living being with cellulose walls, and often chlorophyll and starch; it has neither a mouth nor a nervous system; its mobility and sensitivity are weaker than those of animals. Flower: coloured and usually scented product of a plant. Fruit: product of a plant that follows the flower. Seed: part of the plant essential for reproduction. Leaf: part of the plant that is an offshoot of the stem and is usually green. Stem: part of the plant that carries the leaves. Root: underground structure which feeds the plant and holds it in place. Shoot: above ground part of the plant. 3.Branch with alternate buds Branch with alternate buds: small branch. Terminal bud: plant formation that develops into a leaf, and is situated at the side of the end of the branch. Lateral bud with three sets of bud scales: plant formation that develops into a leaf and is covered with three rows of small protective scales. Lateral bud with two sets of bud scales: plant formation that develops into a leaf and is covered with two rows of small protective scales. Spongy pith (core): centre part of a branch. Auxiliary bud: part of a leaf that secretes a substance. Blade: main part of the leaf. Central vein: line dividing the leaf in two. Lateral vein: line dividing, but not completely, the leaf into sections. Tip: end of the leaf. [search]植物图片[/search] 4.Branch with opposite buds Branch with opposite buds: small branch. Terminal bud: but at the end of a branch. Ventilating area (lenticel): ventilating pore. Lateral bud with three sets of bud scales: plant formation that develops into a leaf and is covered with three rows of small protective scales. Woody pith (core): central core of the plant. Bud scale scars from the preceding year: marks left by the terminal bud from the previous year. Petiole: part of the plant connecting the leaf to the stem. Venation: the veins of the leaf. Blade: main part of the leaf. 5.Graminae (leaf) Graminae (leaf): plant with a cylindrical stem and inconspicuous flower spikes. Blade (lamina): main part of the leaf. Ligule: single petal of the Graminae. Bud: plant formation that develops into a leaf. Node: point where the leaf is attached to the stem. Internode: part of a branch between two nodes. Adventitious roots: root that sprouts from the stem. Auricle: small appendage at the base of a Gramin 6.Cross section of a tree trunk and stump Cross section of a tree trunk and stump: trunk: part of the tree, between the roots and the branches, consisting of wood on the interior and bark on the exterior. Stump: the remainder of the turnk including the roots after the tree is felled. Stump: the remainder of the turnk including the roots after the tree is felled. Wood (xylem): plant substance creating wood. Sapwood: most recent annual rings of a tree. Cambium layer: growth area of a tree. Heartwood: wood surrounding the core of the trunk. Pith: central part of the trunk. Growth rings: marks indicating the yearly growth of the trunk. Bark: protective outside covering of the trunk. 7.Structure of a leaf Structure of a leaf: chlorophyll containing outgrowth of a stem or branch; the site of photosynthesis. Blade (lamina): main part of the leaf. Vein: line dividing, but not completely, the leaf into sections. Midrib: line dividing the leaf in two. Leafstalk (petiole): part of the leaf that is attached to the stem. Stem: part of the plant that carries the leaves. Sheath: part of the leaf that attaches the petiole to the stem. Stipules: small appendage at the base of the petiole. 8.Leaf shapes Leaf shapes: main part of the leaf, usually alrge and flat. Asymmetrical: completely unsymmetrical. Acuminate: leaf that tapers into a long point. Mucronate: leaf with an extended central vein. Emarginate: notched at the end. Ovoid: egg-shaped. Obovate: resembling an upside-down egg. Cordiform: heart-shaped. Oblong: elongated shape. Spatulate: shaped like a spatula. Oval: elliptical. Lanceolate: shaped like the head of a lance. Acicular: needle-shaped. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9.Leaf shapes Leaf shapes: main part of the leaf, usually alrge and flat. Falcate: curved like a sickle. Orbicular: circular. Cochleate: shaped like a shell. Subulate: ending in a point. Cuneate: wedge-shaped. Linear: long and narrow. Sagittate: shaped like an arrowhead. Hastate: halberd-shaped. Panduriform: violin-shaped. Lacerate and auriculate: leaf that seems to have been torn, and which is equipped with auricles. Lobate: divided into lobes. Flabellate: fan-shaped. 10.Leaf margins Leaf margins: main part of the leaf, usually large and flat. Undulate: having a wavy margin. Sinuate: with a sinous margin. Serrate: having a sharp edge. Dentate: having a toothed margin. Lobate: lobed. Scalloped: with a scalloped margin. Palmate: like the fingers of a hand spread open. Digitate: finger like. Bipinnatisect: with 2 levels of petioles which segments are sessile. Tripinnatisect: with 3 levels of petioles which segments are sessile. Pinnatisect: with similar parts on each side of the central axis and sessile. Palmatisect: with palmate veins and lobes split to the base of the blade. Pedate: palmately divided which lateral segments also divided. Palmatilobate: palmate leaf with rounded lobes. Bipartite: divided into two parts. Tripartite: divided into three parts. Palmatipartite: divided almost to the leaf margin. Pinnatifid: with pinnated divisions. [ Last edited by alpsjian on 2007-4-28 at 17:42 ] |
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