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[交流] 一篇转基因作物安全性文章的简单翻译---科学实例

所有用到的实验证据均来自此文章中的表格——
《A literature review on the safety assessment of genetically modified plants》
José L. Domingo ⁎, Jordi Giné Bordonaba
Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
为了方便各位偷懒的而且有感兴趣同学查看，我简单的把他们翻译成中文，本人英语水平一般翻译难免错误敬请原谅。
首先声明本人是做转基因的，对转基因无歧视，也无什么特别的观点，既不鼓吹，也不贬抑，所有翻译问题，可以讨论结果真实性敬请查询原始文献自己分析，本人难以回答那些实验设计的问题，因为该文献所涉及的原始文献我也没看，无法给予大家完全的解答；另外所有注名的公司名称出现错误也请原谅，文章中并未列出公司名称，大部分公司名差通过百度查出，错误在所难免；基因名称注明例如草甘膦抗性基因和氯磺隆抗性基因这种注解在专业角度上来说是不恰当的，但为了省事我使用此种注明方法；植株中应该还有筛选标记基因的存在，但未深入去查明，也敬请原谅；不同实验所用的小鼠的类型并不相同，小鼠种类原文章中可以找到我这里为了省事也省去了；所以本文只供非专业人士交流讨论使用，专业引用请去原始文献中寻找；正因为此文中出现如此多的问题，所以只在休闲灌水中发表。感兴趣的可以看看，拍砖的也请手下留情。文章所采用的例子主要是2006-2009的科技文献。
采用顺序：参考文献---品种号--外源基因名称---实验方法---负面影响---其他

一、玉米的研究
1、Séralini et al. (2007) ---孟山都公司MON 863---(Bt) Cry3Bb1蛋白编码基因（抗玉米根叶甲）----小鼠饲喂实验（90天）
主要的负面影响：Slight but dose-related weight variations in both males (3.3% reduction) and females (3.7% increase). Signs of hepatorenal toxicity, increased triglycerides in females (24–40%) and urine phosphorus and sodium excretions diminished in males (31–35%)
简单概括为：雌性和雄性小鼠体重都受到影响、肝肾出现毒性信号、雌性中甘油三酯含量增加、雄性中尿中磷和钠下降。
其他：由孟山都公司介导的专门的调查组和Séralini对该结果进行调查，得出结论是没有实际证据可以证明小鼠的症状与MON 863有关。-----The Expert Panel concluded that the reanalysis conducted by Séralini et al. (2007) provided no evidence to indicate that MON 863 was associated with adverse effects in the 90-day rat study。In each case, statistical findings reported by bothMonsanto and Séralini et al. (2007)were considered to be unrelated to treatment or of no biological or clinical importance because they failed to demonstrate a dose–response relationship, reproducibility over time, association with other relevant changes (e.g., histopathology), occurrence in both sexes, difference outside the normal range of variation, or biological plausibility with respect to cause-and-effect.（孟山都与该课题组的结果仍存在争议）

2、Doull et al. (2007)--孟山都公司MON 863---(Bt) Cry3Bb1蛋白编码基因（抗玉米根叶甲）----小鼠饲喂实验（90天）
结论：未发现负面影响。--No evidence of adverse effects。

3、de Vendômois et al. (2009)--孟山都NK603(包含除草剂草甘膦抗性基因)、MON 810（Cry1Ab蛋白编码基因）、 MON 863（Cry3Bb1蛋白编码基因）---小鼠饲喂实验（14周）
结论：对食用三种转基因玉米的小鼠研究发现存在性别和剂量依赖的副作用，主要与肝肾毒性有关，也在心脏、脾脏、肾上腺、造血系统中发现存在负面影响。Sex- and dose-dependent side effects linked with consumption of 3 GMOs and mostly associated with hepatorenal toxicity. Other adverse effects were also detected in heart, spleen, adrenal glands and hemopoietic system。

4、MacKenzie et al. (2007)--美科根-塞德斯公司（杜邦先锋+陶氏）1507---表达cry1F基因选和择性标记的抗除草剂基因pat--小鼠饲喂实验（90天）
结论：一句话--未发现负面影响No significant differences were observed in nutritional performance variables, clinical and neurobehavioral signs, ophthalmology and clinical pathology, organ weights and gross and microscopic pathology between treatment groups

5、Malley et al. (2007)--（杜邦）先锋公司转基因玉米59122--cry34Ab1 与cry35Ab1(delta-endotoxin)基因和抗除草剂基因p a t (磷酸乙酰转移酶)基因--小鼠饲喂实验（90天）
结论：未发现负面影响；No adverse diet-related differences in body weight, food consumption, clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, ophthalmology, neurobehavioral assessments, clinical pathology and pathology

6、Appenzeller et al. (2009a)--Maize 1507×59122（杂交）--小鼠饲喂实验（92天）
结论：未发现负面影响No significant differences were observed in nutritional performance variables, clinical and neurobehavioral signs, ophtalmology and clinical pathology, organ weights and gross and microscopic pathology between treatment groups

7、Appenzeller et al. (2009b)--先锋公司DP-9814-6--expresses the GAT4621(glyphosate acetyltransferase)基因和 ZM-HRA(modified version of a maize acetolactate synthase）基因 --小鼠饲喂实验（13周）
结论：未发现负面影响：No adverse effects were observed in nutritional performance variables

8、Juberg et al. (2009)--Maize 59122b--小鼠饲喂实验（28天）
结论：未发现负面影响：No signs of acute toxicity or adverse effects due to diets containing high concentrations of Cry34Ab1 or Cry35Ab1 proteins, individually or concomitantly, were found at concentrations nearly 1000-fold greater than those found in 59122 maize grains and OECD 408-compliant toxicological response variables

9、McNaughton et al. (2007)--Maize DP-9814-6--肉鸡饲喂实验（42天）
结论：未发现负面影响；No significant differences in mortality, growth performance variables or carcass and organ yields. Adverse-toxic effects of the transgenic maize were not assessed.

10、He et al. (2008)--先锋公司DAS-59122-7--Cry34Ab1 基因和 Cry35Ab1 基因--小鼠饲喂实验（90天）
结论：发现某些血液和血清反应的不同，却被归因于饲喂转基因玉米的小鼠的食物中包含过多的玉米面，最终是未发现负面影响Significant differences in certain hematology and serum chemistry response variables, but attributed to diets containing high maize flour (compared to control diets). It was concluded that 59122 maize grains were as safe as non-transgenic maize diets。

11、He et al. (2009)-- （国产-农大）Y642 (lysine-rich)—懒的去找目的基因了-—小鼠饲喂实验（90天）
结论：中国人查中国人结果自然不用说：未发现负面影响No adverse diet-related adverse effects in body weight, feed consumption, clinical chemistry, hematology, and absolute and relative organ weights未发现负面影响就罢了，人家赖氨酸提高了，你连个正面影响都没有，这不能不说有问题。

12、Healy et al. (2008)—孟山都公司MON 88017--Cry3Bb1蛋白基因+草甘膦抗性基因--小鼠饲喂实验（13周）
结论：未发现负面影响 No adverse health effects were noticed.

13、Herouet-Guicheney et al. (2009)--- Maize (2mEPSPS)—草甘膦抗性基因—小鼠饲喂实验
结论：未发现负面影响The safety evaluation concluded that the protein was innocuous and hence could be included in human food or animal feed.

14、Tutel'ian et al. (2008,2009) --先正达MIR604（cry3A）+孟山都MON 88107（Cry3Bb1蛋白基因+草甘膦抗性基因）
结论：未发现负面影响Analysis of morphological, hematological and biochemical parameters
and system sensitive biomarker did not reveal any toxic effect.

15、Tutel'ian et al. (2008,2009) --先正达MIR604（cry3A）+孟山都MON 88107（Cry3Bb1蛋白基因+草甘膦抗性基因）
结论：未发现负面影响Analysis of DNA damage and structural chromosome aberrations, assessment of allergenic potential and immunoreactive properties did not show any genotoxic, allergenic and immunoreactive effects.

二、水稻的研究：
1、Schrøder et al. (2007)—浙江大学KMD1-- cryAb基因----小鼠饲喂实验（90天）
结论：未发现负面影响，虽然在行为和体重上并未发现不同，但在血液参数和生化参数上有少许不同，但仍在正常范围之内。在器官重量、宏观和组织病理学检查中也发现较小的差别。No adverse effects on animal behavior or weight gain. Few hematological and biochemical parameters were significantly different between treatment diets. However, all were within the normal reference intervals for rats of this breed and age. Minor changes were observed in organs weight and macroscopic and histopathological examinations.

2、Poulsen et al. (2007a,b)-- Rice expressing GNA lectin—表达雪花莲植物凝集素基因--小鼠饲喂实验（90天）
结论：未发现负面影响，但是许多临床的、生物学的、免疫学的、微生物学的、病理学参数的显著不同（与对照小鼠相比），作者声明该研究并不能作为产品安全性的的依据。No adverse effects were observed. However, a range of clinical, biological, I mmunological, microbiological and pathological parameters were significantly different between diet groups. The authors remarked that the design of their study was not able to conclude on the safety of the product.

3、Kroghsbo et al. (2008)-- Rice expressing Cry1Ab protein （Cry1Ab基因）or PHA-E lectin（菜豆凝集素E基因）--小鼠饲喂实验（28天和90天）
结论：饲喂表达PHA-E lectin的转基因水稻或者直接饲喂含0.1%的纯化的PHA-E凝集素90天，出现剂量依赖性肠系膜淋巴结重量和总免疫球蛋白A增加。而在表达Cry1Ab基因的水稻则没有出现任何异常。A dose-dependent increase in mesenteric lymph node weight and total immunoglobulin A was seen when feeding PHA-E transgenic rice alone or spiked with 0.1% purified PHA-E lectin for 90 days. No adverse effects of Cry1Ab protein were found.

4、Domon et al. (2009)-- Rice containing 7Crp—转有七个编码人类T细胞表面抗原的基因—猕猴饲喂26周
结论：未发现负面影响No adverse effects on general behavior or body weight, hematological and biochemical variables. No pathological symptoms or histopathological abnormalities.

大豆
1、Appenzeller et al. (2008)—先锋公司大豆DP-356Ø43-5—转入了草甘膦抗性基因和氯磺隆抗性基因--小鼠饲喂实验（>93天）
结论：未发现负面影响No adverse effects on body weight/gain, food consumption, clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmology, neurobehavioral assessment, clinical pathology, organ weights and gross and microscopic pathology

2、McNaughton et al. (2008)—先锋公司转基因大豆 DP-356Ø43-5—饲喂鸡42天
结论：未发现负面影响No adverse effects were found. It was concluded that GM 356Ø43 was nutritionally equivalent to non-GM soybean with comparable genetic background

3、先锋公司工程师Delaney et al. (2008)—先锋公司DP-3Ø5423-1-- gm-fad2-1 gene fragment（氯磺隆抗性基因） and the gm-hra gene（氯磺隆抗性基因）--小鼠饲喂实验
结论：未发现负面影响No adverse effects on body weight/gain, food consumption, and mortality, clinical signs of toxicity or ophthalmological observations, neurobehavioral assessments, organ weights or clinical and anatomic pathology

4、Mathesius et al. (2009)—HRA 大豆—转氯磺隆抗性基因—小鼠饲喂28天
结论：未发现负面影响。No adverse effects

5、Malatesta et al. (2008a)-- Soybean expressing CP4 EPSPS gene—表达epsps基因的大豆（草甘膦抗性基因）--小鼠饲喂实验
结论：饲喂转基因大豆的小鼠某些与肝代谢功能、胁迫应答、Ca2+信号、线粒体有关的蛋白质表达改变。饲喂转基因大豆的小鼠表现出线粒体和细胞核的修饰（？）说明了代谢速率的下降。Several proteins belonging to hepatocyte metabolism, stress response, calcium signaling and mitochondria were differentially expressed in GM-fed mice indicating a more marked expression of senescence markers in comparison to controls. GM-fed mice showed mitochondrial and nuclear modifications indicative of reduced metabolic rate（请注意下一条）

6、Cisterna et al. (2008)-- Soybean expressing CP4 EPSPS gene—表达epsps基因的大豆（草甘膦抗性基因）--雌性小鼠饲喂实验（整个生命期，>24个月）
结论：胚胎形态学上并为出现不同。显微及亚显微细胞的改变归结于小鼠对转基因大豆的摄取。No morphological differences in embryos of GM and non-Gm soybean-exposed groups. Microscopic and ultramicroscopic cellular changes attributed to GM soybean intake

7、Malatesta et al. (2002a,b)--- SUPRO 500E转基因大豆----？转的什么基因？—小鼠饲喂30天
结论：对其营养性能并无影响，从早期迅速的的PAP mRNA 增加和胰腺细胞改变推断出胰腺功能变化。No adverse effects in nutritional performance. Altered pancreas function evidenced by the early acute PAP mRNA increased levels and pancreas cellular changes

8、Sakamoto et al. (2007)—草甘膦耐性转基因大豆---小鼠饲喂实验（52周）
结论：未发现负面影响No adverse effect in gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weights and pathological findings

9、Sakamoto et al. (2008)-- 草甘膦耐性转基因大豆---小鼠饲喂实验（104周）
结论：未发现负面影响No adverse effect in gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weights and pathological findings

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wuweibewin

金虫 (正式写手)

应助: 8 (幼儿园)
金币: 673.3
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专业: 作物分子育种

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