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Phoebus_Sun银虫 (小有名气)
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1. A latest research based on 1993-2007 multi-satellite observations exhibits a large seasonal and inter-annual variability of the inundation extent with an overall decline in global average maximum inundated area of 6% during the fifteen-year period, primarily in tropical and subtropical South America and South Asia. The largest declines of open water are found where large increases in population have occurred over the last two decades, suggesting a global scale effect of human activities on continental surface freshwater: denser population can impact local hydrology by reducing freshwater extent, by draining marshes and wetlands, and by increasing water withdrawals. Source: Prigent, C., F. Papa, F. Aires, C. Jimenez, W. B. Rossow, and E. Matthews (2012), Changes in land surface water dynamics since the 1990s and relation to population pressure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08403, doi:10.1029/2012GL051276. 2. The Danjiangkou Reservoir is the headwater source of the central route of China's South to North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP). Average annual streamflow into the Reservoir was 40.97 km3 from 1951 to 1989, while it was 31.64 km3 from 1990 to 2006. Between the two periods, the average annual streamflow was reduced by 9.33 km3, accounting for 71.8% of the proposed amount of water diversion of the central route (13 km3 per year). The impact of climatic variation (indicated by precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) was responsible for 84.1–90.1% of the streamflow reduction, while human activities or other indentified uncertainties contributed 9.9–15.9% of the streamflow reduction. The observed 69.89 mm decrease in average annual precipitation contributed 81.6–87.3% of the decrease in streamflow. Source: Liu, X., C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Zhang, and J. Xia (2012), Dramatic decrease in streamflow from the headwater source in the central route of China's water diversion project: Climatic variation or human influence?, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06113, doi:10.1029/2011JD016879. 3. Groundwater depletion and water storage in reservoirs have led to a significant rise in global-mean sea level between 1961 and 2003. Unsustainable groundwater use, artificial reservoir water impoundment, climate-driven changes in terrestrial water storage and the loss of water from closed basins have contributed a sea-level rise of about 0.77 mm yr−1 between 1961 and 2003, about 42% of the observed sea-level rise. Source: Nature Geoscience (2012) doi:10.1038/ngeo1476 [ Last edited by Phoebus_Sun on 2012-5-22 at 13:12 ] |
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小木虫: 金币+0.5, 给个红包，谢谢回帖
lovibond: 屏蔽内容, 违规存档, 请不要在论坛宣传其他网站 2012-05-23 10:04:02
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lovibond: 屏蔽内容, 违规存档, 请不要在论坛宣传其他网站 2012-05-23 10:04:02
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4楼2012-05-23 09:40:33
linjiangtmc
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