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水中微量有机物检测方法的建立与去除工艺研究 相关机械设备在长期运行过程中，由于密封等问题导致少量机油、润滑油等进入某水体系中，这些矿物油类进入水体系后不仅造成水的污染，也影响到它的正常操作或工作，为此，有必要开展水体系的矿物油深度去除工艺的研究。偶氮化合物在还原条件下可能生成致癌的芳香胺，给环境和人类健康造成潜在的危害，光催化氧化法与传统的水处理方法相比具有降解速度快、能源耗费低、污染物降解率高等优点，本文研制了一种光催化功能材料，并验证了其对水中微量甲基橙的降解效果 1、水中油检测方法的建立。本文通过系列试验验证了紫外标准曲线法，紫外工作曲线法，红外吸收特征检测法，红外测油仪法及总有机碳检测法对水中微量油检测的准确性。通过试验得出紫外标准曲线法检测的平均相对偏差为11.72%，紫外工作曲线法的平均相对偏差为4.63%，红外吸收特征检测4 cm比色皿检测法的平均相对偏差为2.6%，红外吸收特征检测1 cm比色皿检测法的平均相对偏差为1.72%，JDS-106U型红外测油仪检测的平均相对偏差为0.99%，JDS-106A型红外测油仪检测的平均相对偏差为0.83%；TOC-VCPH总有机碳检测仪检测的平均相对偏差为1.7%。 2、水中油深度去除工艺。首先选择膨胀石墨作为吸油功能材料，通过静态试验验证了膨胀石墨能将水中油的浓度从20 ppm降至1 ppm以下，并且浸泡15 d对膨胀石墨的吸油效果无明显影响，课题还考察了吸附时间、温度、pH值、搅拌速度、搅拌时间等对膨胀石墨吸油和吸水性能的影响，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了膨胀石墨的微观形貌，讨论了膨胀石墨的吸油机理，并设计了膨胀石墨预处理工艺和膨胀石墨深度除油工艺；其次通过静态试验和动态试验对比了丙纶吸油纤维和涤纶吸油纤维的吸油性能，选择丙纶纤维作为课题的吸油功能材料，考察了初始浓度，循环水流速和吸附温度对吸油率的影响；最后通过试验验证了双波长紫外光（185 nm+254 nm）对水中油的降解效果，而单独的185 nm紫外光或254 nm紫外光对水中油没有明显的降解效果，课题还讨论了双波长紫外光对水中机油的降解机理，同时试验验证了双波长紫外光与吸油纤维协同108 h对水中油的去除作用，并给出了装置联合运行情况下的运行结果。 |
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爱与雨下: 金币-5 2012-05-10 18:43:00
爱与雨下: 违规存档, 请注意版规 2012-05-10 18:43:19
爱与雨下: 金币-5 2012-05-10 18:43:00
爱与雨下: 违规存档, 请注意版规 2012-05-10 18:43:19
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Method for detection of trace organic compounds, and removal processes Related machinery and equipment in the long-running process, due to seals and other problems lead to a small amount of oil, lubricants, etc., to enter a water system, these mineral oil into the water system not only cause water pollution, and also affects the normal operation or work, Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the depth of the water system mineral oil to remove the process. Under reducing conditions, azo compounds may generate carcinogenic aromatic amines may cause potential harm to the environment and human health, the photocatalytic oxidation method with the traditional method of water treatment compared with the degradation of speed, low energy consumption, pollutant degradation rate advantages, this paper developed a photocatalytic functional materials, and verify its effect on the trace of methyl orange degradation 1, the method for detection of oil in water. Verified through a series of experiments the UV standard curve method, the UV working curve method, infrared absorption feature detection method, infrared oil content analyzer method, and total organic carbon detection accuracy of the detection of trace oil. Experiment showed that the average relative deviation of the detection of UV standard curve method for 11.72%, 4.63% average relative deviation of the UV working curve method, infrared absorption features detected 4 cm than the average relative deviation of the assay cuvette was 2.6%, the infrared absorption feature detection of 1 cm than the average relative deviation of the assay cuvette 1.72%, JDS-106U IR Oil detected average relative deviation of 0.99%, 0.83% average relative deviation of JDS-106A IR Oil detected ; the TOC-VCPH total organic carbon detector testing, the average relative deviation of 1.7%. 2, the depth of oil in water removal process. First select the expansion of the graphite materials as oil-absorbing function, verified by static tests of expanded graphite can of oil in water concentration from 20 ppm to 1 ppm, and soak for 15 d had no significant effect on the suction effect of expandable graphite, the subject also examines the adsorption time, temperature, pH, stirring speed, stirring time, the expansion of graphite oil absorption and water absorption, observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology of the expandable graphite, expandable graphite oil absorption mechanism, and design expansion of the pretreatment process of graphite and expandable graphite depth degreasing process; followed by static tests and dynamic tests compared the PP oil-absorbing fibers and polyester oil absorption and oil absorption of the fiber, polypropylene fiber as the oil-absorbing function of the subject material, the effects of the initial concentration, recycling the impact of the oil absorption rate of water flow rate and adsorption temperature; Finally, experimental verification of the dual-wavelength ultraviolet light (185 nm +254 nm). the degradation effects of the oil in water, while a separate 185 nm UV light or 254 nm ultraviolet light oil in water significant degradation effect, subject also discussed the degradation mechanism of the dual-wavelength ultraviolet light oil in water, while the experimental verification of the dual-wavelength ultraviolet light with oil-absorbing fiber co 108 h, the removal of oil in water, and gives the joint operation of the device under the operating results. |
2楼2012-05-10 17:02:18
lah77
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xuefong111: 金币+100, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案 2012-05-11 12:55:25
xuefong111: 金币+100, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案 2012-05-11 12:55:25
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A small amount of engine oil and lubricant will enter into water system because of sealing problem in the long-term operation of mechanical equipments. These engine oil and lubricant will not only pollute the water but also affect the normal operation and working of mechanical equipments. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out research on the remove technology of mineral oils in water. Azo compounds are likely to generate carcinogenic aromatic amines under reducing conditions, which will cause potential harm to environment and human health. Research on the removal of Azo compounds in water is significantly important to environmental protection. Research on the degradation technology of methyl orange which is a typical azo compound is very to environmental engineering. Establishment of detection method of oil in the water. This thesis proved the accuracy of detection method of trace oil in water including ultraviolent calibration curve method, ultraviolent working curve method, infrared absorption characteristic detection method, infrared oil content analyzer method and total organic carbon detection method by a series of experiments. The results show that the average relative deviation of ultraviolent calibration curve method is 11.72%; the average relative deviation of ultraviolent working curve method is 4.63%; the average relative deviation of 4 cm cuvette infrared absorption characteristic detection method is 2.6%; the average relative deviation of 1 cm cuvette infrared absorption characteristic detection method is 1.72%; the average relative deviation of JDS-106A infrared oil content analyzer method is 0.83% and the average relative deviation of TOC-VCPH total organic carbon detection method is 1.7%. Advanced removal technology of oil in water. First, we chose exfoliated graphite (EG) as oil absorption function material and proved that EG can decrease the concentration of oil in the water from 20 ppm to under 1 ppm by static experiments, and the oil absorption performance of EG is not affected after soaked in water for 15d. The influences of absorption time, temperature, pH values, stirring speed and time on the oil and water absorption performance of EG were studied. The micro morphology of EG was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). We discussed the oil absorption mechanism of EG and designed the pretreatment technology of EG and advanced oil removes technology of EG. Second, compared the performance of polypropylene fiber with that of polyester fiber by static and dynamic experiments, we chose polypropylene fiber as oil absorption function material. The influences of initial concentration, flow velocity of circulating water and absorption temperature on the oil absorption rate were studied. At last, we found that dual wavelength ultraviolent light (185 n m and 254 nm) can effectively degrade oil in the water but single wavelength ultraviolent light (185 nm or 254 nm) has no obvious degradation effect on oil. We also discussed the oil degradation mechanism of dual wavelength ultraviolent light. |
3楼2012-05-11 10:13:43