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【作物栽培学】摘要翻译修改润色
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摘要：【目的】探讨在高温和干旱胁迫下不同水稻品种产量和品质形成的特点。【方法】常规中熟籼稻品种黄华占（耐热品种）和双桂1号（热敏感品种）与超级稻品种两优培九（两系杂交籼稻）和扬粳4038（粳稻）种植于盆钵，于抽穗和灌浆早期（始穗后0~10 d）设置高温（日最高温度为37.5℃）、干旱（土壤水势保持在30±10 kPa）、高温+干旱3种处理，以同期自然温度且正常供水为对照。【结果】与对照相比，高温、干旱和高温+干旱3种处理均显著降低了各品种的花粉可育率、受精率、结实率和产量；降低了精米率和整精米率和崩解值，增加了垩白米率、垩白度和消减值。高温及高温+干旱处理对产量和稻米品质的影响，热敏感品种大于耐热品种，超级稻品种大于常规品种。干旱对产量和稻米品质的影响，热敏感品种大于耐热品种，常规品种大于超级稻品种。高温、干旱或高温+干旱胁迫对产量和稻米品质的影响与其对根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性的影响的结果趋势一致。【结论】抽穗与灌浆早期高温或干旱胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响在品种间存在很大差异，常规稻品种的耐热性强于超级稻品种，超级稻品种的耐旱性则强于常规稻品种。在高温或干旱胁迫下根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性高是不同类型水稻品种保持较高产量的重要生理原因。 Abstract：【Objective】Heading/flowering and grain filling are the most stress-sensitive periods in rice growth and development. However, little is known that how high temperature and water stress during these periods affect rice yield and grain quality. This study investigated pollen development, yield components, grain quality and some physiological parameters under high temperature and water stress during heading and early grain filling.【Method】Two conventional indica rice cultivars, Shuanggui 1 (heat-sensitive) and Huanghuazhan (heat-tolerant), and two super rice cultivars, Liangyoupeijiu (indica-inclined two-line hybrid) and Yangjing 4038 (japonica), were pot-grown and subjected to high temperature treatments (HT, maximum temperature during the day at 37.5℃), soil drying treatments (SD, soil water potential at -30±10 kPa) and high temperature plus soil drying treatments(HT+SD), and the natural temperature plus well-watered condition was taken as the control(CK).【Result】The results showed that high temperature, soil drying or high temperature plus soil drying treatments significantly reduced pollen fertility rate, fertilization rate, seed-setting rate, grain yield, milled rice, head rice and break down viscosity, increased chalky grains, chalkiness degree and setback viscosity in each cultivars. The effect was more obvious on heat-sensitive cultivars than on heat-tolerant cultivars, and more evident on super rice cultivars than on conventional rice cultivars under either high temperature or high temperature plus soil drying treatments, and the result was reversed under soil drying treatments, and the extent of the decrease or increase was larger for heat-sensitive cultivars than for heat-tolerant cultivars.【Conclusion】These results suggested that high temperature or soil drying treatments during heading and early grain filling reduced yield and grain quality, the declines of which are different for different rice cultivars. Stronger root activity, net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf and antioxidative defense system would be more important for a heat-tolerant rice cultivar to obtain a higher grain yield better than for heat-sensitive or super rice cultivars under adverse environmental stresses. |
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duanhua2004
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2楼2012-05-10 10:08:17
duanhua2004
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3楼2012-05-10 16:11:46
