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In Fig. 3 the calculated Young¡¯s moduli of SiNWs are
plotted as a function of wire diameter. Similar to previous
theoretical findings [20,21], the Young¡¯s modulus generally
increases as the wire mean diameter increases. It can be
inferred that the Young¡¯s modulus of nanowires would
approach the bulk value at certain critical size, and afterwards
it would not change much. Our calculations clearly
show that nanowires of different directions have distinctly
different Young¡¯s moduli. In the size range studied, the
wires along [110] direction have the highest value, while
[100] wires correspond to the lowest value. The values
for [111] and [112] wires are intermediate in size. Previously,
Lee et al. [11] studied the Young¡¯s modulus of Si
[100] nanowires in detail and they also found that the
Young¡¯s modulus increases slowly with wire size. The
Young¡¯s modulus for micrometer-sized Si samples along
the [100] direction was found to be 140 GPa [22]. For
the [110] direction, the measured Young¡¯s modulus of
micrometer-sized Si wires was 142¨C169 GPa [23]. For thinner
samples, the Young¡¯s modulus was estimated to be
169 GPa [24]. These previous results showed that the
Young¡¯s modulus is hardly influenced by the size reduction
from millimeter to micrometer length scale [25].
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