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Thiols and disulfides are important in both biological1 and chemical processes.2 Disulfides are useful reagents in organic synthesis2 and essential moieties of biologically active compounds for peptide and protein stabilization.1 As disulfides are relatively more stable toward organic reactions, such as oxidation, alkylation, and acylation, compared to the corresponding free thiols, the thiol group can conveniently be protected as a disulfide. Besides, there are a large number of commercially available thiols and the interconversion between thiols and disulfides is easy.3 These aspects are responsible for the continuous interest in the development of new, selective, and efficient protocols for the preparation of disulfides. 2,4,5Recently reported procedures to obtain symmetrical disulfides involve the use of anhydrous potassium phosphate,4a potassium permanganate,4b molecular bromine supported on silica gel,4c N-phenyltriazolinedione,4d VO(acac)2,4e trichloroisocyanuric acid,4f nitric acid,4g 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin,4h basic alumina,4i CsF–Celite,4j and montmorillonite K10.4k Additionally, cleaner protocols under solvent-free conditions were described.4d,6 These methods use N-phenyltriazolinedione,4d pyridinium chlorochromate, 6a 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin,6b SO2Cl2,6c trichloronitromethane, 6d KMnO4/MnO2,6e KMnO4 supported on montmorillonite K10,6f catalytic amount of iodine, and CeCl37H2O in graphite,6g and KF/Al2O3 6h as catalysts. Thus, there is still an attention in developing green methods that would produce the desirable disulfides in high yields. In this way, ionic liquids (ILs) constitute an interesting alternative for this reaction. Because product isolation or catalyst recycling is very easy in ILs and, in some cases, rate accelerations |
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转弯为你相遇: 金币+5, 翻译EPI+1, ★有帮助 2012-05-03 18:05:34
Mally89: 金币+1 2012-05-17 13:47:34
sltmac: 金币-10, 翻译EPI-1, 违规存档, 机器翻译 2012-05-20 08:56:01
转弯为你相遇: 金币+5, 翻译EPI+1, ★有帮助 2012-05-03 18:05:34
Mally89: 金币+1 2012-05-17 13:47:34
sltmac: 金币-10, 翻译EPI-1, 违规存档, 机器翻译 2012-05-20 08:56:01
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硫醇与二硫化物是重要的两个 biological1 和 化学 processes.2 二硫化物中有机 synthesis2 是非常有用的试剂 和的生物活性物质的基本特征 作为二硫化物的肽和蛋白质 stabilization.1 是较多 有机反应,如氧化,朝着稳定的烷基化,和 乙酰化,与相应的免费硫醇、 硫醇相比 可以方便地作为二硫化保护组。此外,那里 大量的商用硫醇及相互转换 硫醇和二硫化物之间的是 easy.3 的这些方面 负责发展的持续兴趣 新的、 选择性的和高效协议二硫化物的准备。 2,4,5Recently 报告程序,以获取对称 二硫化物涉及使用无水钾磷酸根、 4a 4b 分子溴二氧化硅担高锰酸钾 凝胶,4 c N-phenyltriazolinedione 4 d VO (阿拉伯民航理事会) 2、 三氯异氰 4e 4 g 1,3-二溴-5,5-dimethylhydantoin,基本 4 h 酸、 4f 硝酸 氧化铝、 4i CsF–Celite、 4j 和蒙脱土 K10.4k 另外, 无溶剂条件下的清洁协议被 described.4d,6 这些方法使用吡啶氯铬酸盐 4 d N-phenyltriazolinedione 6a 1,3-二溴-5,5-dimethylhydantoin,SO2Cl2 6b,6 c trichloronitromethane, 6 d KMnO4/锰 6e KMnO4 上支持 蒙脱石 K10、 碘、 6f 催化量和 CeCl37H2O 在石墨、 6 g 和 KF/Al2O3 作为催化剂的 6 h。因此,仍有 应注意的发展会产生的绿色方法 高收益率的理想二硫化物。 在这种方式,离子液体 (ILs) 构成了一个有趣的替代 对此的反应。因为产品分离或催化剂回收 ILs,并在某些情况下,率加速度很容易 |
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