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wchm7125金虫 (小有名气)
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[求助]
哪位虫友能在明天下午前提供一份较好的专业英语翻译
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摘自《无机化学》大连理工版 粒子的运动方向发生偏转，个别的粒子被反射回来，粒子的反弹回去这一事实表明了粒子与质量很大的带正电荷的粒子发生了强有力的碰撞。由此，Ruherford 提出了原子的核式结构模型:原子中的正电荷集中在很小的区域（原子直径约为10-19m，核的直径约为10-15~10-14m），原子质量主要来自于正电荷部分，即原子核。而原子中质量很小的电子则围绕着原子核作旋转运动，就像行星绕太阳运转一样。 如何解释原子的稳定性和氢原子光谱的实验事实与经验公式，经典物理学是无能为力的。因为按照经典电磁理论，原子应是不稳定的。绕核高速旋转的电子将自动而连续地辐射能量，其发射的光谱应该是连续光谱而不会是线状光谱。 他发现元素的性质随相对原子质量递增发生周期性的递变。当时人们对于原子结构的知识比较缺乏，尚未深刻理解原子核外电子排布与元素周期与族划分的本质联系，并提出了多种形式的周期表。 依据量子力学的观点，电子在核外运动没有固定轨道，只是概率分布不同，因此，原子没有明确的界面，不存在经典意义上的半径。人们假定原子呈球体，借助相邻原子的核间距来确定原子半径。基于此假定以及原子的不同存在形式，原子半径可以分为金属半径、共价半径、和van der Waals 半径。 |
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wchm7125: 金币+20, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 像你学习 2012-04-21 22:41:17
wchm7125: 金币+20, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★★★最佳答案, 像你学习 2012-04-21 22:41:17
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The direction of motion of the particles are deflected, the individual particles are reflected back, the particles bounce off the fact that the positively charged particles of the particles with great quality with a strong collision. Thus, Ruherford nuclear structure model of the atom: atoms positive charge is concentrated in a small area (atomic diameter is about 10-19m, the diameter of the core is about 10-15 ~ 10-14m), atomic mass main from the positively charged part of the nucleus. Atoms in the quality of small electronic around the nucleus rotates, running like a planet around the sun. How to interpret the experimental facts and the empirical formula of the stability of atoms and the hydrogen atom spectrum, classical physics is powerless. In accordance with the classical electromagnetic theory, the atom is unstable. Around the high-speed rotation of the nuclear electronic automatic and continuous radiation energy spectrum of the emission should be a continuous spectrum without line spectra. He found that the occurrence of periodic alternation of the nature of the elements with relative atomic mass increments. Knowledge of atomic structure was the relative lack of, not a deep understanding of the nature of the arrangement with the elements of atomic extranuclear cycle and the division of the family contact, and various forms of the periodic table. Based on the point of view of quantum mechanics, electrons in the outer nuclear movement is not a fixed orbit, only the probability distribution of different atoms there is no clear interface does not exist the radius in the classic sense. People assume that the atom was a sphere, with the spacing of adjacent atomic nuclear atomic radius. Based on the different forms of this assumption as well as atomic, atomic radius can be divided into metal radius, covalent radius and the van der Waals radius. |
2楼2012-04-21 18:16:51