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水利人和天使

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Abstract
Despite the numerous values of riparian areas and the recognition of fire as a critical natural disturbance, few studies have investigated the behavior, properties, and influence of natural fire in riparian areas of thewestern USA. Riparian areas frequently differ from adjacent uplands in vegetative composition and structure, geomorphology, hydrology, microclimate, and fuel characteristics. These features may contribute to different fire environments, fire regimes, and fire properties (frequency,severity, behavior, and extent) in riparian areas relative to uplands. In certain forested riparian areas, fire frequency has generally been lower, and fire severity has been more moderate than in adjacent uplands, but in other areas, fires have appeared to burn riparian areas with comparable frequency. Impacts of land use and management may strongly influence fire properties and regimes in riparian areas. Fire suppression, livestock grazing, logging, damming and flow regulation, agricultural diversions, channel modifications, and introduction of invasive species have led to shifts in plant species composition, structure and distribution of fuel loads, and changes in microclimate and areal extent of riparian areas. Cumulative impacts of human alterations are likely to exert the most pronounced influence on fire behavior during periods of drought and under conditions of extreme fire weather. Riparian plant species possess adaptations to fluvial disturbances that facilitate survival and reestablish-ment following fires, thus contributing to the rapid recovery of many streamside habitats. Given the critical resource values of riparian zones, additional data are needed to understand interactions between fire and riparian ecosystems, and how riparian zones affect spatial and temporal patterns of fires at the landscape scale. An improved understanding of fire ecology and effects in riparian areas is needed to prescribe ecologically sound rehabilitation projects following fire.# 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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水利人和天使: 金币+100, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★很有帮助, 多谢啦 2012-04-11 09:38:25
楼主试着看一下吧,专业词汇实在是有点麻烦,翻译的不太到位,仅供参 考!呵呵!
    作为严重影响自然环境的因素之一,深入了解沿海地区的火灾将在很大程度上可以避免类似事件的发生,但是尽管如此,对于美国西部沿海地区自然火灾活动、特征以及危害方面的研究却是屈指可数。沿海地区和邻近的高地的区别主要集中在植被结构、地形、水文、气候以及燃料性质。因此相对于邻近的高地而言,这些研究将有助于进一步了解火灾环境、状况及特性(如频率、严重程度、活动状态以及范围等等)。和邻近高地相比较,一些有森林覆盖的沿海地区,火灾发生的频率较低,其损害也不是很严重,但相较而言,其他地区火灾的频率反而相对较高。而且沿海地区土地的合理使用与管理很大程度上影响着火灾的特征及状况。灭火、牲畜放牧、伐木、修建大坝、江河截流、农耕、修建道路以及外来物种入侵严重损害了当地的植被结构和能源分布,同时也影响了沿海地区的气候和土地面积。在干燥或者火灾高发期,人类活动的累加效应对火灾有着直接的影响。河流区域的沿海植物种群在受到火灾侵害之后所幸存和再生的植被有着很强的适应能力,因此沿海生态环境可以在短时间内恢复原状。考虑到沿海地区具有重要的资源价值,因此需要更进一步的搜集火灾与沿海生态环境间相互作用的研究数据,了解在景观尺度上沿海区域如何短时间以及长久的影响自然火灾。因此沿海地区急需进一步了解自然火灾生态学及其影响因素,从生态学的角度上规定建立完善的灾前防火措施。版权归Elsevier Science B.V所有,2003年。
2楼2012-04-10 15:49:49
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