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[½»Á÷] Coexistence of Superconductivity and Topological Order in the Bi2Se3 Thin Films ÒÑÓÐ1È˲ÎÓë

The Coexistence of Superconductivity and Topological Order in the Bi2Se3 Thin Films
Mei-Xiao Wang1,*, Canhua Liu1,*, Jin-Peng Xu1, Fang Yang1, Lin Miao1, Meng-Yu Yao1, C. L. Gao1, Chenyi Shen2, Xucun Ma3, X. Chen4, Zhu-An Xu2, Ying Liu5, Shou-Cheng Zhang6,7, Dong Qian1,†, Jin-Feng Jia1,†, Qi-Kun Xue4
+ Author Affiliations

1Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
2Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China.
3Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
4State Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
5Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
6Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
7Center for Advanced Study. Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
↵†To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dqian@sjtu.edu.cn, (D.Q.); jfjia@sjtu.edu.cn (J.-F.J.)
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work

Abstract
Three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) are characterized by their nontrivial surface states in which electrons have their spin locked at a right angle to their momentum under the protection of time reversal symmetry. The topologically ordered phase in TIs does not break any symmetry. The interplay between topological order and symmetry breaking such as observed in superconductivity can lead to new quantum phenomena and devices. We fabricate a superconducting TI/Superconductor (SC) heterostructure by growing Bi2Se3 thin films on superconductor NbSe2 substrate. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observed the superconducting gap at Bi2Se3 surface in the regime of Bi2Se3 film thickness where topological surface states form. This observation lays the groundwork for experimentally realizing Majorana fermions in condensed matter physics.

Received for publication 10 November 2011.
Accepted for publication 2 March 2012.
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