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annekuaile

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虫号: 1245466
注册: 2011-03-26
性别: MM
专业: 果树学

[交流] nature编辑对论文撰写的建议已有9人参与

对撰写论文有一个总体的概括，当做背景知识看看。

Nature 创刊于1869年

成功的论文要具备什么？
Thoughtful research 最基本——发人深思的研究；
Thorough preparation 投稿前——彻底的准备；
Logical exposition 撰写时——合乎逻辑的论述；
Content is essential, presentation is critical! 内容是基础，表达是关键！

在开始写文章之前。。。
Why does the topic interest YOU? 为什么对这课题感兴趣？
What was thought/known/done before this work? 在此之前所想的/所知道的/曾经做过的有哪些？
What are the key findings of your work? 主要结论是什么？
How does new data change thinking, or support current approach, or open new research avenues or fields? 新的数据如何改变思维/支持目前常用的方法/开辟新的研究途径或领域？
Have you re-evaluated your original data? 有没有重复检查原始数据？

编辑看重什么？
High degree of novelty or innovation 高度新颖性、创新性；创新≠first time
Interesting to a broad range of readers 广泛性；
Significant step forward 科技上的一大进步；
Breakthrough in performance 突破性表现；
High impact in the field 深远的影响；
Important advance, providing new directions for research 在科学理论上有显著的进展，为研究提供新的方向。

开始写文章
Write for both the beginner and the expert 为初级和专家级的人而写；
First paragraph of the article should be no higher than the level of an introductory undergraduate class 文章的第一段的困难度不要高于大学一年级的程度；
Bulk of the paper at the level of a first-year graduate course in the field 文章的其他部分也应该维持在研究生课程一年级的程度；
If the article is not comprehensible to a broad range of people, then it might get rejected 如果文章过于复杂，过于专门，有可能不被发表

标题
Clear and attractive! 准确得体；
Not too general or vague! 简短精炼；
Should include sufficient details for indexing purposes 应该有足够的细节，描述性语言；
Does not normally include numbers or abbreviations 通常不包括数字或英语缩写

摘要
问题在哪里——解决了什么问题——方法——研究带来了什么应用——结论
The most-read section of any paper! 最多人阅读的部分；
Aimed at readers outside the discipline 深入浅出，写的简单明了；
1-2 sentences to orient the reader, set hte stage, and provide context 入正题，一句起，两句止
- A brief account of the background and rationale of the work 简短解释课题的背景和理由；
- Concise results, with mention of methodology used 简明描述结果与试验方法；
- A statement of main conclusions (e.g. "Here we show..."

最后一句结论

结果
Clarity and brevity 简明扼要，展示数据并证明研究结果与目的一致；
Number should be meaningful (give illustrative examples and compare those with known results from literature) 数据要有意义，如需要可与文献中数据作对比；
Use appropriate statistics, error analysis, check for accuracy and internal consistency 合理运用统计，误差分析，检查数据的准确性和一致性；
Pay considerable attention to best way to present data (use tables and figures) 合理运用图表

图表
Figures tell the story 一图道千言；
Order is absolutely critical 次序是关键；
Strive for data-rich presentation 尽量使用数据丰富的图表；
Show as much raw data as possible. If n experiments were done for each data point, then show all points, rather than the average and standard deviation 原始数据越多越好

编辑阅读文献顺序
标题——摘要——结论——图表——引言
Nature 文章特点采用主动语态！

要注意。。。
Write in active voice (e.g. "We did..." rather than "It was done..."

主动语态；
All variables should be defined 界定所有变量；
Avoid non-preferential use of "this", "that", "these"... 避免使用“this”，“that”，“these”...；
Avoid jargons and the excessive use of abbreviations and acronyms 避免使用太多缩写或缩略语；
Never say "for various reasons"... 避免使用“for various reasons”...

投稿信
A letter that you submit together with your manuscript but in a separate file to the editors 投稿信跟稿件是分开的；
Authors are encouraged to write cover letter 鼓励作者写投稿信；
Restate main message and significance of paper 重申文章的基本内容及其重要性；
Include a separate summary for non-specialist audience 撰写另外一份深入浅出的摘要；
Concise and clear, less than one page 简短明确，重点突出，最好不要超一页

同行评审
To provide a quality control mechanism for the scientific literature 品质控制；
To obtain expert analysis of the technical merit, potential impact and general interest of a manuscript 专业评审；
To aid authors in improving their papers for publication 帮助作者修改论文；
To provide editors with scientific insight necessary to make informed decisions 帮助编辑做出最后决定

文章被拒绝的原因
Technical concerns raised by referees 技术问题；
Lack of mechanistic insight or generality 缺乏深层次的了解或广泛性；
Incremental advance over published literature 仅是科技上的一小步；
Failure to meet editorial criteria for a discipline 跟办刊宗旨，涵盖内容不吻合；
Results too preliminary, requiring more study 结论属于初步的，需要更多的研究去证实；
Speculative, unsubstantiated or specialized conclusions 假设性，证据不足或过于专门的结论

成功投稿
Editors work with authors to finalize the text and figures 编辑会对文章进行修饰，以便提高文字的可读性；
News & views/press coverage 广泛性新闻/媒体报道；
Advance online publication (AOP) 提前在线出版；
Great covers! 杂志封面

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