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s090604054铁杆木虫 (著名写手)
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| 酸性离子液体作为一种新型的环境友好液体催化剂，正受到世界各国催化界与石化企业界的关注，它具有传统催化剂不可比拟的优点：拥有液体酸催化剂的高密度反应活性位，具有低挥发性；酸性可以超过固体超强酸，并且酸性可以根据需要进行调节，同时它也可以兼具B酸性和L酸性；催化剂和产物容易分离，可以重复循环利用；液态范围宽、熔点低；热稳定性好，产物选择性好(称为“液体分子筛”)；具有可设计性，即通过对离子液体进行分子设计，在离子液体中引入酸性基团，调整阴、阳离子组合或嫁接适当的官能团，可获得“需求特定”或“量体裁衣”的酸性离子液体。这些特点使得酸性离子液体兼有液体酸与固体酸的功能与特性。因此，将离子液体的结构多样性与各种特性组合，势必可以构建大量性质与用途不同的离子液体酸催化剂。同时，离子液体的高催化活性使得整个生产过程的收率、效率更高，且离子液体可以回收循环使用，与普通液体和固体酸催化剂相比，将降低总的生产成本，同时避免环境污染，可实现清洁生产。另外，随着离子液体规模化生产的建立及低成本离子液体的进一步研制，将使离子液体价格不断降低。因此，离子液体替代工业催化剂有很大的潜力，已经广泛应用于烷基化、酰化、齐聚、酯化、缩合、醚化、酯交换等多种反应过程。 |
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fjtony163
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【答案】应助回帖
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s090604054(金币+100, 翻译EPI+1): ★★★很有帮助 2012-01-28 21:20:18
爱与雨下(金币+2): 2012-01-29 16:20:17
s090604054(金币+100, 翻译EPI+1): ★★★很有帮助 2012-01-28 21:20:18
爱与雨下(金币+2): 2012-01-29 16:20:17
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Acidic ionic liquid, as a new environmental-friendly liquid catalyst, are drawing attention from catalyst field and petrochemical industry over the world. It has unique advantages over traditional catalysts. First it has high-density reaction position of liquid acidic catalyst and low volatility. Second its acidity is over solid super-strong acid and can be adjusted according to the need. Then it can have both B acidity and L acidity and catalyst can be separated from products so it can be used repeatedly. Moreover, it has wide liquid range, low melting point, good heat-solidity, and good product selectivity (which are called as liquid molecular sieve). It is designable so that after molecular design of ionic liquid, anions and cations could be combined and proper groups could be added via introducing acidic groups in ionic liquid to get acidic ionic liquid with specific needs or proper needs. These features make acidic ions have functions and features of liquid and solid acid. Therefore, combining structure variety of ionic liquid and features can build large amount of ionic liquid acidic catalyst with different properties and usages. Meanwhile, high catalyst activity of ionic liquid can make efficiency and product ratio higher and ionic liquid can be recycled to use, which can reduce total cost and avoid environment pollution compared to solid acid catalyst to get clean production. In addition, with further development of low-cost ionic liquid and establishment of mass production of ionic liquid, the price of ionic liquid can decrease continuously. So ionic liquid replacing industrial catalyst has great potential and is being widely used in various reaction process such as alkylation, acylation, polymer (?), esterification, condensation, etherification, ester exchange. 中间有一部分术语不太专业，仅供参考。 |
2楼2012-01-28 20:32:35