One-dimensional nanostructures: Synthesis, characterization, and applications (Review)
Xia YN, Yang PD, Sun YG, Wu YY, Mayers B, Gates B, Yin YD, Kim F, Yan YQ
ADVANCED MATERIALS 15 (5): 353-389 MAR 4 2003
Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive review of current research activities that concentrate on one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures-wires, rods, belts, and tubes-whose lateral dimensions fall anywhere in the range of I to 100 rim. We devote the most attention to 1D nanostructures that have been synthesized in relatively copious quantities using chemical methods. We begin this article with an overview of synthetic strategies that have been exploited to achieve 1D growth. We then elaborate on these approaches in the following four sections: i) anisotropic growth dictated by the crystallographic structure of a solid material; ii) anisotropic growth confined and directed by various templates; iii) anisotropic growth kinetically controlled by supersaturation or through the use of an appropriate capping reagent, and iv) new concepts not yet fully demonstrated, but with long-term potential in generating 1D nanostructures. Following is a discussion of techniques for generating various types of important heterostructured nanowires. By the end of this article, we highlight a range of unique properties (e.g., thermal, mechanical, electronic, optoelectronic, optical, nonlinear optical, and field emission) associated with different types of 1D nanostructures. We also briefly discuss a number of methods potentially useful for assembling 1D nanostructures into functional devices based on crossbar junctions, and complex architectures such as 2D and 3D periodic lattices. We conclude this review with personal perspectives on the directions towards which future research on this new class of nanostructured materials might be directed.
Times Cited: 1140
Template-basedsynthesis of nanomaterials (review)
Huczko A
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING 70 (4): 365-376 APR 2000
The large interest in nanostructures results from their numerous potential applications in various areas such as materials and biomedical sciences, electronics, optics, magnetism, energy storage, and electrochemistry. Ultrasmall building blocks have been found to exhibit a broad range of enhanced mechanical, optical, magnetic, and electronic properties compared to coarser-grained matter of the same chemical composition. In this paper various template techniques suitable for nanotechnology applications with emphasis on characterization of created arrays of tailored nanomaterials have been reviewed. These methods involve the fabrication of the desired material within the pores or channels of a nanoporous template. Track-etch membranes, porous alumina, and other nanoporous structures have been characterized as templates. They have been used to prepare nanometer-sized fibrils, rods, and tubules of conductive polymers, metals, semiconductors, carbons, and other solid matter. Electrochemical and electroless depositions, chemical polymerization, sol-gel deposition, and chemical vapour deposition have been presented as major template synthetic strategies. In particular, the template-based synthesis of carbon nanotubes has been demonstrated as this is the most promising class of new carbon-based materials for electronic and optic nanodevices as well as reinforcement nanocomposites
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